Design movements

Question 1

arts and crafts

Answer 1

• items need to be fit for purpose
• designers against industrialisation
• 1850-1900
• grew out of concern for the effects of industrialisation on working class

style
- simplicity
- colour and texture. colour added unity and focus, only natural textures used
- splendour, experimented with different materials and techniques, led to unusual designs
- gothic

William Morris
- socialist

Question 2

art nouveau

Answer 2

• languid line
• old styles and values sat along side new ones
• new aesthetic views for a new urban life style
• for mass production
  -1890-1905

style
- curvy whiplash lines and stylised flowers
- hand crafted
- use of glass and wrought iron
- feminine form
- influenced by , Japanese, Celtic and ancient Greek

Charles Rennie Mackintosh
- Scottish
- strong right angles and floral-inspired decorative motifs with subtle forms

Question 3

bauhaus

Answer 3

• functionalism
• reduction in decorative frills
• 1919-1933

style
- form follows function
- geometrically pure, straight lines
- machine aesthetic

Marianne Brandt
- kettle, lamp

Question 4

art deco

Answer 4

• popular modernism
• reaction to post ww1
• in favour of a mechanical modern world
• 1925-1939

style
- symmetry, repetition, sharp edges
- zig-zag geometric patterns
- inspired by ancient Egypt
- use of expensive materials
- opulent

Eileen Gray
- chair

Question 5

streamlining

Answer 5

• consumerism and style
• new prosperity and widened consumer choice
• celebrating speed and efficiency
• future, air travel, space exploration
• 1935-1955

style
- aerodynamics
- tear-drop shape
- futuristic

Raymond Lowey
- beauty through simplification
- streamlined stuff
- eg welded trains removed rivets

Question 6

memphis

Answer 6

• challenged the idea that products had to follow conventional shapes, colours, textures or patterns
• vibrant, eccentric and ornamental
• 1981-1987

style
- bold clashing colours
- art deco and pop art inspired
- geometric forms

Ettore Sottsass
leader of memphis group

Question 7

post modernism

Answer 7

• opposes modernism
• more is more, less is bore nor more is less
• 1975 to present

style
- humour and personality
- retro design
- deconstruction

Philippe Stark
- french
- likes mass production