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MCAT hormones > detailed descriptions of hormones > Flashcards

detailed descriptions of hormones Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

FSH

A

follicle stimulating hormone from ant pituitary- a tropic hormone

growth of follicles in women and sperm production in males

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2
Q

LH

A

Luteinizing hormone from ant pituitary- a tropic hormone

causes ovulation, stimulates estrogen/testosterone secretion

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3
Q

ACTH

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone from ant pituitary- a tropic hormone

stimulates the adrenal cortex (growth and secretory activity of adrenal cortex)

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4
Q

TSH

A

thyroid stimulating hormone from ant pituitary- a tropic hormone

increases synthesis and release of thyroid hormone- T3/T4

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5
Q

Prolactin

A

from ant pituitary- direct hormone

tell mammary glands to produce milk

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6
Q

endorphins

A

ant pituitary- direct hormones

relieve stress and promote euphoria

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7
Q

MSH

A

melanocyte stimulating hormone from ant pituitary- tells melanocyte to release melanin (skin color)

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8
Q

oxytocin

A

from post pituitary (made in hypothalamus though)-

uterine contractions for birth, lactation (milk letdown)

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9
Q

ADH

A

anti-diuretic hormone or vasopressin from post pituiatry- made in hypothalamus

acts on the kidney to promote water absorption (retain water)
increases Blood pressure

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10
Q

cortisol

A

a glucocorticoid from adrenal cortex

longer term stress response
increased glucose in blood
increased protein breakdown 
decreased inflammation and immunity
(increased levels of carbs, fats, and proteins in blood)
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11
Q

aldosterone

A

mineralocorticoid from adrenal cortex

acts on kidney to increase Na+ and Cl- reabsorption= water reabsorption
increase K+ and H+excretion
raises BP

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12
Q

sex steroids

A

androgens from adrenal cortex

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13
Q

epinephrine

A

adrenaline from adrenal medulla

fight or flight response (sympathetic actions)

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14
Q

Norepinephrine

A

noradrenaline from adrenal medulla

fight or flight response (sympathetic actions)

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15
Q

dopamine

A

catecholamine from adrenal medulla

reward hormone, increases HR and BP in good way

VTA

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16
Q

enkephalin

A

from adrenal medulla

regulates pain similar to endorphins

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17
Q

T3/T4

A

from follicular cells in thyroid

helps regulate metabolism

Triodothyronine T3 increases metabolic rate

Thryoxine T4 also increases metabolic rate but less active form

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18
Q

calcitonin

A

from parafollicular cells (C cells)

tones down Ca in blood (works on bone, kidney, and small intestines)
increases Ca absorption into blood
stimulates osteoblasts
inhibits osteoclasts

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19
Q

PTH

A

parathyroid hormone from parathyroid

increases blood Ca
increases Ca release from bone (osteoclasts)
decreases osteoblasts 
tells kidneys to reabsorb Ca
activates vitamin D precursor in kidney
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20
Q

estrogen

A

from ovaries and placenta

growth of female sex organs
causes LH surge

supports pregnancy when released by placenta

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21
Q

progesterone

A

from ovaries and placenta

pregnancy hormone (thickens endometrium) prepares and maintains uterus for pregnancy

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22
Q

inhibin

A

from ovaries, placenta, and testes

inhibits FSH production

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23
Q

testosterone

Study These Flashcards
A

from testes

secondary sex characteristics, spermatogenesis

closing of epiphyseal plate

24
Q

estradiol

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A

from testes

prevent sperm cell apoptosis

25
HCG
human chorionic gonadotrophin from placenta protects fetus's survival- keeps corpus luteum from breaking down (tells it to release estrogen and progesterone) gives a positive pregnancy test
26
HPL
human placental lactogen from placenta anti-insulin properties acts similar to growth hormone but for pregnancy
27
insulin
beta cells from pancreas to decrease blood glucose increase uptake of glucose in cells
28
glucagon
alpha cells from pancreas "acts when glucose is gone" to increase blood glucose decrease uptake of glucose into cells
29
somatostatin
from delta cells of pancreas and stomach decreases all pancreas activity (glucagon and insulin) decreases stomach activity (digestion)
30
pancreatic polypeptide
self regulatory hormone from pancreas
31
renin
from kidney activates renin-angiotensin system regulation of BP
32
erythropoietin
from kidney red blood cell formation
33
thrombopoetin
from kidney and liver platelet formation in bone marrow
34
calcitriol
(steroid) from kidney active form of vitamin D
35
thymosin
from thymus T cell development in childhood
36
ANP
atrial natriuretic peptide from heart reduces BP
37
BNP
brain natriuretic peptide reduces BP to lesser extent than ANP
38
IGF
insulin like growth factor from liver regulates cell growth
39
angiotensin
in liver BP regulation
40
hepcidin
iron regulation
41
myokines
from skeletal muscle in response to muscle contraction growth and repair
42
leptin
in adipose tissue tells us we are full inhibit hunger
43
provitamin D
inactive Vit D in skin
44
gastrin
from stomach activates parietal cells to produce HCl and decrease pH
45
grehlin
hunger hormone from stomach | increase appetite
46
neuropeptide Y
from stomach makes you lazy fat and hungry
47
histamine
from stomach increases gastric acid secretion to increase digestion
48
endothelin
from muscle stomach muscle contraction
49
secretin
from small intestine helps CCK, inhibits gastric juice, increases pancreatic juice tells pancreas to release digestive enzymes and gallbladder to release bile
50
CCK
cholecystokinin from small intestine tells pancreas to release digestive enzymes and gallbladder to release bile
51
TRH
thyrotropin releasing hormone of hypothalamus stimulates release of TSh from pituitary
52
CRH
corticotropin releasing hormone of hypothalamus tells pituitary to release ACTH
53
Dopamine
from hypothalamus tells pituitary NOT to release prolactin
54
GHRH
growth hormone releasing hormone from hypothalamus tells pit to release GH
55
GnRH
gonadotropin releasing hormone from hypothalamus tells pit to release LH and FSH
56
somatostatin
from hypothalamus tells pit NOT to release GH and TSH

MCAT hormones (2 decks)

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