detailed set of amendments

Question 1

1st Amendment

Answer 1

Protects freedoms of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition.
* Establishment Clause (government cannot establish a religion)
* Free Exercise Clause (freedom to practice religion)
* Freedom of Speech/Press (speak and publish freely)
* Right to Assemble (gather peacefully)
* Right to Petition (ask government to fix problems)

Question 2

2nd Amendment

Answer 2

**Protects the right to keep and bear arms. **
* Right to Bear Arms Clause (individual weapon ownership)
* Militia Clause (mentions a well-regulated militia as necessary for security)

Question 3

4th Amendment

Answer 3

Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures.
* Search and Seizure Clause (requires warrants based on probable cause)

Question 4

5th Amendment

Answer 4

Protects against self-incrimination, double jeopardy, and guarantees due process and compensation for takings.
* Due Process Clause (federal) (fair legal process)
* Double Jeopardy Clause (no second trial for same offense)
* Self-Incrimination Clause (right to remain silent)
* Takings Clause (just compensation for taken property–eminent domain).

Question 5

6th Amendment

Answer 5

Guarantees a fair, speedy, and public trial in criminal cases.
* Right to Counsel (attorney)
* Right to a Speedy/Public Trial, Impartial Jury, Confront Witnesses, and Notice of Charges.

Question 6

7th Amendment

Answer 6

Provides the right to a jury trial in civil cases over $20.
* Civil Jury Trial Clause (preserves jury trials in civil disputes).

Question 7

8th Amendment

Answer 7

Prohibits cruel and unusual punishments and excessive bail/fines.
* Cruel and Unusual Punishment Clause
* Excessive Bail/Fines Clause.

Question 8

10th Amendment

Answer 8

Reserves powers not given to the federal government for the states or people.
* Reserved Powers Clause (source of state powers).

Question 9

13th Amendment

Answer 9

Abolishes slavery and involuntary servitude.
* Abolition Clause (except as punishment for a crime).

Question 10

14th Amendment

Answer 10

Defines citizenship and guarantees equal protection and due process at the state level.
* Citizenship Clause (brithright citizenship)
* Due Process Clause (state) (extends protections to states)
* Equal Protection Clause (no discrimination by states)
* Privileges or Immunities Clause (protects national citizenship rights)

Question 11

15th Amendment

Answer 11

Prohibits denying the right to vote based on race, color, or former servitude.
* Voting Rights Clause (Race).

Question 12

17th Amendment

Answer 12

Establishes the direct election of U.S. senators by voters instead of state legislatures.
* Direct Election Clause.

Question 13

19th Amendment

Answer 13

Grants women the right to vote.
* Voting Rights Clause (Sex).

Question 14

22nd Amendment

Answer 14

Limits the president to two elected terms.
* Presidential Term Limit Clause

Question 15

24th Amendment

Answer 15

Prohibits poll taxes in federal elections.
* Poll Tax Clause (no payment required to vote).

Question 16

26th Amendment

Answer 16

Lowers the voting age to 18.
* Voting Rights Clause (Age) (can’t deny voting based on age if 18+).