details of pieces Flashcards

Question

"Eine Kleine Nachtmusik", K 525, mvmt II - meter

Answer 1

character is lyrical, understated, simple, elegant unfolds over tonic pedal balance is achieved through 4-meas phrases w/clear-cut cadences internal structure of this section is rounded binary returns after Section C

Answer 2

new melody introduced becomes more active rhythmically melodic line is embellished

Answer 3

new key: C minor imitative dialogue between out parts (vln 1, col) repeated 16th-note figure in inner voices; more active, creating restless character then Section A returns

Answer 4

ABA (ternary) Minuet & Trio

Answer 5

internal structure is rounded binary phrases are typically 4 meas. long forte dynamic, robust character dance-like quality reinforced through rhythmic accentuation

Answer 6

allegretto

Answer 7

new key: D major (V of G) contrast is achieved through lotto voce indication; more lyrical character, legato lines more chromatic inflections than in the menuet sotto voce (under the voice): a subdued gentle character, lowering the volume level as if to a whisper

Answer 8

sonata-rondo form

Answer 9

spirited, light-hearted character opens w/rocket theme outlining tonic arpeggio

Answer 10

begins w/downward turn of m6 stepwise motion employee some chromatic embellishments

Answer 11

* Narrator - middle register * Father - lower register, legato phrases = calm * Son - higher register, suggesting youth and childlike innocence * Erlking - middle register, insincere sweetness

Answer 12

common time

Answer 13

solo voice & piano

Answer 14

durchkomponiert

Answer 15

poem by Goethe, inspired by German legend of the Erlking

Answer 16

2 countersubjects are presented simultaneously throughout act as accompanying figures to the statements of the subject or answer

Answer 17

concludes with tonal answer reaffirming the home key of BbM the final 4 measures act as a coda, bringing the fugue to a strong close.

Answer 18

Subject (unusually long) in B-flat in top voice comprises two motives: first mostly disjunct outline the I-V7 harmony, while 2nd is conjunct, outlining same harmonies Tonal Answer in middle voice (F; V) Countersubject in top voice Subject in B CS1 in middle CS2 in top redundant answer of tonal answer in upper voice

Answer 19

1st episode leads to Gm subject appears in Gm followed by a tonal answer in Cm 2nd episode leads to EbM partial entry of tonal answer is interrupted by complete entry

Answer 20

moderately fast

Answer 21

polyphonic

Answer 22

Carmen'a aria AKA the "Habanera" comingles childlike playfulness with sensuality; she believes that love is fickly, comes as unpredictably as it leaves melody traces chromatic descent, which hints at Carmen's sensuality cellos maintain crisp ostinato rhythm characteristic of habanera violins, violas suggest Spanish guitars w/pizzicato accomp

Answer 23

D minor; chorus shifts to D major

Answer 24

Allegretto quasi Andantino

Answer 25

Charles Jennens

Answer 26

``` SATB soloists SATB chorus string orchestra with continuo oboes bassoons trumpets timpani ```

Answer 27

1742 - for a benefit concert in Dublin; composed the previous summer in just 24 days

Answer 28

biblical prose - OT & NT

Answer 29

3 parts, each containing multiple movements: Part 1: the prophesy of the coming of Christ and his birth Part 2: Christ's suffering, death, and the spread of his doctrine Part 3: the redemption of the world through faith

Answer 30

common time

Answer 31

Glory to God, glory to God in the highest, and peace on earth, good will towards men.

Answer 32

"Glory to God in the highest" is set in the upper register "And peace on earth" is depicted by a downward 8ve leap in Bass

Answer 33

common time

Answer 34

Hallelujah, for the Lord God Omnipotent reigneth. The kingdom of this world has become the kingdom of our Lord, and of His Christ; and He shall reign for ever and ever. King of kings, and Lord of lords, hallelujah!

Answer 35

alternation of homophonic, polyphonic homorhythmic texture on opening "Hallelujah" delivers the text clearly, powerfully imitative polyphony on "and He shall reign for ever and ever" expands the phrase and reinforces the repeated words rising sequence ("King of kings") builds toward climate trumpets and drums heighten the overall mood (affect) of praise, joy

Answer 36

||: A :|| B ||

Answer 37

French overture

Answer 38

common time

Answer 39

tempo: grave texture: homophonic predominant rhythm: dotted figure predominant affect: majestic, stately

Answer 40

tempo: allegro moderato texture: polyphonic (fugue) number of voices: 3 subject introduced by: 1st vlns + oboes type of answer: tonal predominant affect: energetic, lively

Answer 41

ABA' (ternary form in which the repeat of Section A is varied)

Answer 42

soprano aria

Answer 43

common time

Answer 44

Rejoice, rejoice, rejoice greatly, oh daughter of Zion. Rejoice greatly, shout, oh daughter of Jerusalem. Behold they King cometh unto thee...

Answer 45

"Rejoice greatly" has a joyful, celebratory character expressed through melismas "Shout" is exclaimed with a burst of sound in the upper register

Answer 46

He is the righteous Savior, and He shall speak peace unto the heathen.

Answer 47

common time

Answer 48

common time

Answer 49

And lo! The angel of the Lord came upon them, and the glory of the Lord shone round about them, and they were sore afraid.

Answer 50

recitativo accompagnato

Answer 51

16th-note repeated figure suggests the trembling of the fearful shepherds

Answer 52

begins in DM

Answer 53

common time

Answer 54

not indicated

Answer 55

And the angel said unto them, "Fear not: for behold I bring you good tidings of great joy, which shall be to all people; for unto you is born this day, in the city of David, a Savior which is Christ the Lord.

Answer 56

recitativo secco

Answer 57

begins in DM

Answer 58

common time

Answer 59

not indicated

Answer 60

And suddenly there was with the angel a multitude of the heavenly host, praising God, and saying

Answer 61

recitativo accompagnato

Answer 62

dotted figures in the vocal line emphasize the suddenness of the angels' arrival fluttering 16th notes in the accompaniment suggest the movement of the angel's wings

Answer 63

not indicated

Answer 64

There were shepherds abiding in the field, keeping watch over their flocks by night.

Answer 65

recitativo secco, for soprano

Answer 66

commissioned by the Alliance for Canadian New Music Projects in 1982, and was dedicated to Jean Lyons, friend and former piano teacher of Alexina Louie

Answer 67

variety is created within the repeated figure through dynamic gradation and accented notes, played with RH 5th finger pedal point hemiola-like effect as the momentum eases toward the conclusion, dynamic indications become gradually softer, leading to the final indication -- perdendosi ("gradually dying away")

Answer 68

minimalist style, built on the principle of repetition

Answer 69

solo piano music

Answer 70

3 flats, not treated in traditional Eb manner

Answer 71

52 measures

Answer 72

largely two-part

Answer 73

"The Enchanted Bells" "Changes" "Distant Memories" "Once Upon a Time"

Answer 74

nationalism, patriotism idiomatic writing for piano virtuosic writing

Answer 75

ABA' (with introduction & coda)

Answer 76

solo piano music

Answer 77

A flat major -- E major [B section] -- A flat major

Answer 78

``` A section * RH characteristic polonaise rhythm * LH - vigorous leaping 8ves * sweeping ascending scale = virtuosity, brilliance B section * LH ostinato: staccato 8ves * proud, martial character * dramatic shift down HS to D# (Eb) major * new theme * more introspective, lyrical style; rubato A' section - shorter than A Coda * based on main A theme * ending I - III - V7 - I ```

Answer 79

solo keyboard music

Answer 80

loose ternary structure (ABA')

Answer 81

symphonic poem (tone poem)

Answer 82

begins and ends in four sharps

Answer 83

begins in 9/8

Answer 84

strings: violins, violas, cellos, double basses, harps woodwinds: flutes, oboes, English horn, clarinets brass: French horns percussion: antique cymbals

Answer 85

modified version of opening theme using longer note values (augmentation) solo flute now outlines a perfect 4th; clarified E major tonality antique cymbals are gently struck in the final section

Answer 86

tonality is deliberately ambiguous opening melody, played by flute, descends chromatically C# to G, outlining tritone mysterious atmosphere depicts the opening of Mallarme's poem: nymphs in their "gossamer embodiment, floating on the air..." fluid rhythmic approach: figures flow across bar lines and obscure metric accents innovative orchestration, featuring harp glissandi, muted horns, and muted strings

Answer 87

2 new themes introduced by woodwings contrast through more active, animated rhythm exotic atmosphere: clarinets tracing rapid whole-tone scales strings often move in parallel motion, creating a gentle, floating sound modulations, syncopations build to effective climax

Answer 88

Symbolist poem (pastoral) by Stephane Mallarme

Answer 89

tres modere

Answer 90

incorporates aspects of binary form

Answer 91

broken-chord passages played in breathless 32nd-notes sequentially features frequent 32nd-note runs ends in F major (V) and proceeds immediately to next section

Answer 92

continues in toccata-like style w/ rapid cadenza-like runs that emerge from arpeggiated 7th chords requires virtuosity throughout its improvisatory style contrasts with the controlled order demonstrated in the fugue that follows

Answer 93

no specific indication style implies quick tempo, in the manner of a toccata

Answer 94

homophonic & polyphonic

Answer 95

Carmen's recitative key: F minor flirting, spies Don Jose in the crowd. Her teasing nature is suggested by short, clipped phrases that are punctuated by the "fate" motive signature theme representing fate: D - C#-Bb-C#-A

Answer 96

Andante moderato

Answer 97

This dazzling work for orchestra and 2 synthesizers is one of John Adams's signature works. Commissioned by the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra for its Great Woods Festival in 1986, it is also knows as "Fanfare for Great Woods". It demonstrates the composer's minimalist style: tonal harmonies, a driving beat, complex polyrhythms, and shimmering orchestration. "You know how it is when someone asks you to ride in a terrific sports car, and then you wish you hadn't?"

Answer 98

fanfare for orchestra

Answer 99

large symphony orchestra and 2 synthesizers

Answer 100

1 - "Delirando" (deliriously); high wood block 2 - low wood block; sudden coloristic shift as winds, strings take over from brass 3 - high wood block returns, switches to medium; music softens and stabilizes 4 - Slightly Slower; wood block eliminated; trumpets dominate, reinforcing the fanfare style

Answer 101

one movement, loosely divided into 4 sections

Answer 102

constantly marked beat and complex cross-rhythms that play out against it changing meter; simultaneous perception of simple and compound time; complex polyrhythms; "rhythmic dissonance" use of expanded percussion -- glockenspiel, xylophone, antique cymbals of various sizes, triangle, tambourine extreme dynamic ranges; sudden shifts of volume and density ostinato-like repetitions of short figures

Answer 103

Count Joseph Erdody

Answer 104

string quartet

Answer 105

AKA "Emperor Quartet" elegant theme in 2nd movement = basis of variations wrote his own national anthem for Austria in honor of emperor *Francis **

Answer 106

four movements

Answer 107

theme and variations (four)

Answer 108

begins poco adagio, cantabile

Answer 109

theme played by first violin four phrases: aabcc homophonic texture

Answer 110

theme played by 2nd violin contrast and virtuosity achieved through elaborate 16th-note figuration played by 1st violin accompaniment delicately encircles melody

Answer 111

theme played by cello 1st + 2nd vlns feature syncopation & increased rhythmic drive as the variation unfolds 1st vln introduces many chromatic inflections

Answer 112

theme played by viola rich chromatic harmonies introduced in accompaniment syncopation featured in vlns

Answer 113

theme played by 1st vln, initially in middle register, then soaring to upper reharmonization w/inflections of Em imparts a more somber tone eventually modulates back to G major

Answer 114

Hector Berlioz

Answer 115

"Fantastic Symphony: Episode in the Life of an Artist"

Answer 116

a lovesick artist takes opium in an attempt to commit suicide; the drug puts him into a deep sleep; we see his dreams and nightmares which are haunted by visions of his beloved (Harriet Simpson)

Answer 117

program symphony

Answer 118

- longstanding infatuation with access Harriet Smithson - revolutionary climate, incl. public executions - controversial literary works like "Confessions of an English Opium-Eater" by Thomas de Quincey

Answer 119

symphony orchestra (expanded)

Answer 120

* C major * fugal texture * jarring dissonance * "Dance of the Witches" [idee fixe] combines with "Dies irae" * employs col legno technique

Answer 121

clarinet plays "idee fixe" as gigue w/grace notes & trills bells chime before "Dies irae" "Dies irae" played by bassoons and ophicleide

Answer 122

opens in C minor

Answer 123

begins in 4/4

Answer 124

He sees himself at a witches' sabbath, in the midst of a hideous gathering of sorcerers and monsters of every kind who have come together for his funeral. Strange sounds, groans, outbursts of laughter; distant shouts which seem to be answered by more shouts. The beloved melody appears once more, but has now lost its mobile and shy character; it is now no more than a vulgar dance tune, trivial and grotesque: it is she who is coming to the sabbath...Roars of delight at her arrival...She joins the diabolical orgy...The funeral knell tolls, burlesque parody of the "Dies irae", the dance of the witches. The dance of the witches combined with the "Dies irae".

Answer 125

begins larghetto but later changes to allegro

Answer 126

"Songe d'une nuit de sabbat" "Dream of a Witches' Sabbath"

Answer 127

1807-1808 (Middle Period)

Answer 128

symphony orchestra: - strings - piccolo - flutes - oboes - clarinets - bassoons - contrabassoon - trumpets - French horns - trombones - timpani

Answer 129

grows out of T1 played fortissimo by French horns unusually short modulates abruptly to new key

Answer 130

T1 material dominates, punctuating the close of the Exposition w/decisive authentic cadences

Answer 131

opens boldly w/French horns draws principally on T1 tension generated by: - manipulation & breaking down of 4-note figure - filling-in of the interval of 3rd - inversion of motive - expansion of passage through forceful repetition abrupt dynamic contrasts contribute to the dramatic energy at end, tension builds through repetitions of the basic theme played fortissimo by full orch in unison

Answer 132

sonata form

Answer 133

T1 returns, followed by short, melancholy oboe solo played freely bridge follows, altered to stay in tonic T2 returns surprisingly in the key of C major, not Cm as expected codetta is also in CM, followed by lengthy coda coda restores Cm, continues to fragment, expand on T1, like a development

Answer 134

four-note motive fermatas arrest the forward drive of this theme, generating tension & restless character T1 grows out of initial statement, repeated sequentially in a series of descending statements

Answer 135

new key: E flat major (relative major) played by woodwinds & vln 1 piano & legato phrases create contrast rhythm of four-note motive in cellos & basses provides persistent background to this more lyrical theme

Answer 136

allegro con brio

Answer 137

two themes with variations

Answer 138

A flat major

Answer 139

grows out of ascending broken tonic triad in low strings characterized by elegant dotted rhythms marked dolce and played legato

Answer 140

woodwinds & violins present T2, based on s-s-s-L rhythms, marked dolce & legato begins in Ab major but shifts to CM, featuring brass playing fortissimo

Answer 141

andante con moto

Answer 142

Var 1 - T1 in smooth running 16th notes (violas + cellos); T2 follows (unchanged) Var 2 - T1 returns in running 32nd notes (low strings) Var 3 - T1 in contrary motion (woodwinds); suddenly T2 in CM Var 4 - T1 in Abm (parallel minor) in a clipped, march-like fashion Coda - marked più mosso bassoons begin, playing T1 material

Answer 143

ABA (ternary form) - scherzo & trio replaced traditional M&T

Answer 144

T1 - rocket theme initiated by low strings - played pianissimo T2 - bold subsidiary theme played forte by French horns - recalls s-s-s-L rhythm of mvmt I [mostly on G] - fermatas add to mood of mystery, suspense

Answer 145

T1 abbreviated T2 returns pianissimo, played by pizz. strings + staccato winds suspense is achieved at the end of the mvmt. by a deceptive cadence that leads into a transitional passage timpani plays the s-s-s-L rhythm softly blazing crescendo leads directly into mvmt IV w/o a break

Answer 146

new key: CM (parallel major) features woodwinds + strings; double basses take leading role imitative texture playful, energetic character contrasts w/the dark scherzo

Answer 147

features French horns leads to GM

Answer 148

piccolo stands out above orchestra, playing rapid ascending scales at Presto, codetta theme is played quickly, leading to bold, dramatic conclusion final tonic chord reiterated 8x

Answer 149

initiated by woodwinds & violas theme descends in four-note fragments

Answer 150

based on T2 material: inverted, expanded, treated imitatively between instruments toward end, scherzo theme is unexpectedly recalled, now pianissimo, played gently by woodwinds & pizz. strings

Answer 151

outlines tonic chord fortissimo trumpets add a majestic touch

Answer 152

sonata form

Answer 153

C major (parallel major)

Answer 154

common time

Answer 155

all musical material returns but remains in C major

Answer 156

new triplet figure introduces a vigorous theme theme scenes in stepwise motion, echoed by descending figures dramatic contrasts between fortissimo and piano contains the s-s-s-L motive

Answer 157

solo violin concerto

Answer 158

solo violin, strings, continuo

Answer 159

sonnets, most likely written by Vivaldi, describing the four seasons of the year portions of the text were printed above the corresponding passages in the original score

Answer 160

"The Contest between Harmony & Inspiration"

Answer 161

ritornello form

Answer 162

stanzas 1 & 2: Spring has arrived [ritornello theme] and cheerfully The birds greet her with a festive song [Episode 1 - trills] And with the breath of Zephyr The streams flow with sweet murmurs [Episode 2 - undulating 16th-note figure] Lightning and thunder, chosen to herald her [Episode 3 - scales, tremolos] Cover the sky with a cloak of black, Then while they fall silent, the little birds Return anew to sing their song.

Answer 163

two-part structure

Answer 164

stanza 3 And then on the flowery pleasant meadow, To the dear murmurs of leafy branches and plants [vlns - dotted rhythm undulating], The goatherd sleeps [solo vln.] alongside his faithful dog [vla ostinato].

Answer 165

ritornello form

Answer 166

stanza 4 The shepherd's bagpipes [bass pedal point] festively sound As nymphs and shepherds dance [lilting, compound meter] below the beloved sky At the bright arrival of spring.

Answer 167

Vaslav Nijinsky

Answer 168

Nicholas Roerich

Answer 169

large symphony orchestra w/expanded percussion

Answer 170

in two parts Part 1: Adoration of the Earth Part 2: The Sacrifice

Answer 171

set in pagan Russia during pre-Christian times, the ballet comprises a series of episodes depicting tribal games and rituals conducted to ensure the fertility of the earth. It culminates in the Sacrificial Dance during which a chosen maiden dances herself to death

Answer 172

primitivism evoked through elemental, pounding rhythm marked "Giusto" (in strict time) strings are used percussively, not lyrically French horns reinforce syncopation w/strong accents dissonant harmonies derived from the use of poly chords short modal melody introduced by French horns against evocative backdrop of trills (woodwinds) and col legno (upper strings)

Answer 173

action becomes increasingly frenzied as young men dominate the women begins 9/8, marked Presto fold, fanfare-like figures played marcatissimo (with much accentuation) dense orchestration accentuates the frenzied dance, featuring pizzicato and staccato articulations

Answer 174

haunting bassoon solo, in highest register marked Lento, tempo rubato melody based on Aeolian mode, sounds archaic, evocative pliable rhythm achieved through changing meters, fermatas complex polyrhythms intense chromaticism maintains tension primordial landscape is suggested through rich orchestral effects such as flutter-tongue (woodwinds) and harmonic (upper strings) brief ostinato-like figure played by violins serves as transition to the next section

Answer 175

Escamillo's aria AKA Toreador Song orchestra introduces theme tpts, horns, tbns play brusque rhythm, underscores E's swaggering nature timp & triangle add depth and shimmer

Answer 176

marked con fatuita (with smugness) ensemble + chorus reiterate celebratory melody

Answer 177

F minor; chorus shifts to F major

Answer 178

Allegro molto moderato

Answer 179

book 1 - 1722 | book 2 - 1742

Answer 180

refers to the newly-invented tuning system for keyboard instruments that allowed for pieces to be written in any key

Answer 181

two books each w/24 P&F, organized in pairs of parallel major/minor begins w/C, goes up chromatically, ends w/B

Answer 182

Jerome Robbins

Answer 183

directed by Robert Wise & Jerome Robbins (1961)

Answer 184

musical theater

Answer 185

Arthur Laurents (playwright) and Stephen Sondheim (lyricist)

Answer 186

The plot parallels the love affair and final tragedy of "Romeo & Juliet". The audience is initially introduced to the two rival gangs and observes the hostility between them. Later, Maria and Tony meet at a dance and fall in love. Tension builds between the two gangs and leads to a fight in which Bernardo stabs and kills Riff. Tony in turn stabs and kills Bernardo, Maria's brother. In the final scene, Tony is stabbed by another member of the Sharks. Maria arrives but Tony is already dead.

Answer 187

Shakespeare's "Romeo & Juliet"

Answer 188

Anita (mezzo), Rosalia (S), other Puerto Rican girls

Answer 189

key of CM w/ sudden (jazzy) modulations chorus consists of short syncopated phrases, repeating the word "America" verses use call & response patterns to convey argumentative exchanges between Rosalia & Anita chorus & verses alternate 6/8 & 3/4, establishing the hemiola effect

Answer 190

verse-chorus structure, preceded by introduction

Answer 191

ambiguous tonality - modal inflections in melodic lines claves and guiro establish Latin ambience w/ cross-rhythms, rhythmic ostinato Spanish gtr + celesta provide undulating lines in parallel 3rds in rising/falling triplets colorful orchestrations help paint vivid portraits: Rosalia doubled sweetly by flute; Anita accompaniment by mournful oboe word painting on "breezes" - arched motive based on whole-tone scale; glissandi on string harmonics

Answer 192

Rosalia expresses her homesickness for her native Puerto Rico Anita defiantly declares her love for her newfound home, Manhattan Sondheim's clever lyrics extol both the virtues and false promises of "The American Dream"

Answer 193

an alley behind Bernardo & Maria's house

Answer 194

Tony (tenor)

Answer 195

melody opens w/chant-like intonation suggesting Tony's worshipful adoration of Maria verse continues w/beginning tritone interval; this angular motive runs throughout most of the score (conveys strife, yearning, star-crossed love) orchestration features lush strings doubling the voice part throughout; timpani used to heighten musical climaxes

Answer 196

B major, Eb major

Answer 197

common time

Answer 198

he reflects rapturously on her name

Answer 199

outside the gymnasium, where Tony has just met and fallen in love with Maria

details of pieces Flashcards

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