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Radiation Therapy Principles and Procedures Test 1 > Detection and Diagnosis PJ > Flashcards

Detection and Diagnosis PJ Flashcards

1
Q

what is the 5 year survival rate for all cancers?

A

66%

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2
Q

what three things increased survival rates?

A
  1. increased emphasis on detection and diagnosis 2. new treatment methods 3. better understanding of cancer
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3
Q

what two specialities does cancer diagnosis rely on?

A

radiology & pathology

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4
Q

what three questions should the physician try to answer when a patient is diagnosed with cancer?

A
  1. what’s happening to me? 2. what’s going to happen to me? 3. what can be done to improve what happens to me?
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5
Q

according to ACS, what are the two most important strategies to save lives from cancer?

A

prevent & early detection

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6
Q

what is the overall survival rate for those that detected cancer early?

A

81%

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7
Q

what is an objective finding as perceived by an examiner?

A

sign

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8
Q

what are three examples of signs?

A

rash, mass, discoloration

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9
Q

what is a subjective indication of disease or a change in condition as perceived by the patient?

A

symptom

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10
Q

what are three examples of symptoms?

A

upset stomach, numbness, lack of sleep

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11
Q

what is it called when signs or symptoms are arising from a common cause?

A

syndrome

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12
Q

what is defined as the identification of a disease or condition?

A

diagnosis

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13
Q

what is considered the most powerful diagnostic tool?

A

interview

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14
Q

what four tools are use in a physical exam?

A

inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation

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15
Q

what is an abnormal accumulation of clotting factors in a vessel?

A

thrombosis

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16
Q

what is an abnormal accumulation of blood in tissue from a ruptured vessel?

A

hematoma

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17
Q

what is bad breath that may indicate oral or other head and neck malignancy?

A

halitosis

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18
Q

what may a foul smelling sputum indicate?

A

lung abscess

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19
Q

what may an ammonia odor in urine indicate?

A

bladder disorder

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20
Q

what may a foul smelling feces indicate?

A

pancreatic insufficiency

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21
Q

what is the use of touch to acquire information?

A

palpation

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22
Q

what is the striking or tapping of a patient to determine pain or create vibration?

A

percussion

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23
Q

what is the act of listening to sounds within the body?

A

auscultation

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24
Q

what are the vital signs?

A

temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure (pain is 5th vital sign according to joint commission)

25
Q

on whom should oral temperature not be taken?

A

difficult patients, comatose patients, children or those prone to convulsions

26
Q

which site will give the most accurate temperature reading?

A

rectal

27
Q

where can you take a temperature? (5)

A

oral, rectal, ear, skin, axilla

28
Q

what is the pulse rate?

A

beats per second

29
Q

what is the pattern of beats in a pulse?

A

rhythm

30
Q

what is the pulse wave and volume of blood felt during ventricular contraction?

A

size

31
Q

what is the compressibility of the artery?

A

tension

32
Q

what is the rate of respiration?

A

number of breaths per minute

33
Q

what is the amount of air during respiration?

A

depth (deep or shallow)

34
Q

what is the regularity of breathing?

A

rhythm (slow, normal, rapid)

35
Q

what is the type of breathing?

A

character (normal to labored)

36
Q

during blood pressure, what is the pressure in the vessels during heart contraction?

A

systolic

37
Q

during blood pressure, what is the pressure in the vessels during heart relaxation?

A

diastolic

38
Q

what is the normal adult values for temperature? (oral, rectal, axillary)

A

oral- 96.8°-98.6°F (36°-37°C)
rectal- 99.6°F
axillary- 97.6°

39
Q

what is the normal adult values for pulse?

A

60-90 beats/min

40
Q

what is the normal adult values for respiration?

A

10-20 breaths/min

41
Q

what is the normal adult values for blood pressure?

A

110-140 mm Hg / 60-80 mm Hg

42
Q

at which two levels does screening take place?

A

prevention and early detection

43
Q

mass screenings depend on what three factors?

A

previous results, cost effectiveness, and risk to patient

44
Q

screening is grouped into what two major categories?

A

lab studies and medical imaging

45
Q

what is ECG?

A

electrical conductivity of heart muscle; EKG

46
Q

what is EEG?

A

electroencephalogram; brain wave activity

47
Q

what is EMG?

A

electromyogram; electrical conductivity of muscle; aids in neuromuscular disorders

48
Q

if a test have the ability to measure a true positive, it has ____.

A

sensitivity

49
Q

if a test have the ability to measure a true negative, it has ____.

A

specificity

50
Q

who does the ACS recommend annual mammograms for?

A

women > 40

51
Q

true or false: mammograms cannot detect lesions before they can be palpated

A

false; mammograms CAN detect lesions before they can be palpated

52
Q

what secondary screening tool is used to find nodes that tumors are draining into?

A

sentinel node biopsy

53
Q

what are the two common methods for prostate cancer?

A

PSA and DRE

54
Q

who does the ACS recommend annual PSE and DRE for?

A

men > 50

55
Q

ACS recommends mass screenings for what five cancers?

A

colorectal, breast, prostate, cervical, endometrial

56
Q

who does the ACS recommend colorectal screenings for?

A

everyone > 50

57
Q

what is the ACS recommendation for colorectal cancer? (5 methods)

A

annual FOBT and FIT; flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years; annual FOBT or FIT plus flex sig every 5 years; double contrast barium enema (DCBE) every 5 years; colonoscopy every 10 years

58
Q

what is the ACS recommendation for cervical cancer?

A

pap smear 3 years after onset of vaginal intercourse but no later than 21 years old

59
Q

what is Tis?

A

tumor in situ; in the normal place (stage 0)

Radiation Therapy Principles and Procedures Test 1 (6 decks)

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