Detection and Diagnosis PJ

Question 1

what is the 5 year survival rate for all cancers?

Answer 1

66%

Question 2

what three things increased survival rates?

Answer 2

1. increased emphasis on detection and diagnosis 2. new treatment methods 3. better understanding of cancer

Question 3

what two specialities does cancer diagnosis rely on?

Answer 3

radiology & pathology

Question 4

what three questions should the physician try to answer when a patient is diagnosed with cancer?

Answer 4

1. what’s happening to me? 2. what’s going to happen to me? 3. what can be done to improve what happens to me?

Question 5

according to ACS, what are the two most important strategies to save lives from cancer?

Answer 5

prevent & early detection

Question 6

what is the overall survival rate for those that detected cancer early?

Answer 6

81%

Question 7

what is an objective finding as perceived by an examiner?

Answer 7

sign

Question 8

what are three examples of signs?

Answer 8

rash, mass, discoloration

Question 9

what is a subjective indication of disease or a change in condition as perceived by the patient?

Answer 9

symptom

Question 10

what are three examples of symptoms?

Answer 10

upset stomach, numbness, lack of sleep

Question 11

what is it called when signs or symptoms are arising from a common cause?

Answer 11

syndrome

Question 12

what is defined as the identification of a disease or condition?

Answer 12

diagnosis

Question 13

what is considered the most powerful diagnostic tool?

Answer 13

interview

Question 14

what four tools are use in a physical exam?

Answer 14

inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation

Question 15

what is an abnormal accumulation of clotting factors in a vessel?

Answer 15

thrombosis

Question 16

what is an abnormal accumulation of blood in tissue from a ruptured vessel?

Answer 16

hematoma

Question 17

what is bad breath that may indicate oral or other head and neck malignancy?

Answer 17

halitosis

Question 18

what may a foul smelling sputum indicate?

Answer 18

lung abscess

Question 19

what may an ammonia odor in urine indicate?

Answer 19

bladder disorder

Question 20

what may a foul smelling feces indicate?

Answer 20

pancreatic insufficiency

Question 21

what is the use of touch to acquire information?

Answer 21

palpation

Question 22

what is the striking or tapping of a patient to determine pain or create vibration?

Answer 22

percussion

Question 23

what is the act of listening to sounds within the body?

Answer 23

auscultation

Question 24

what are the vital signs?

Answer 24

temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure (pain is 5th vital sign according to joint commission)

Question 25

on whom should oral temperature not be taken?

Answer 25

difficult patients, comatose patients, children or those prone to convulsions

Question 26

which site will give the most accurate temperature reading?

Answer 26

rectal

Question 27

where can you take a temperature? (5)

Answer 27

oral, rectal, ear, skin, axilla

Question 28

what is the pulse rate?

Answer 28

beats per second

Question 29

what is the pattern of beats in a pulse?

Answer 29

rhythm

Question 30

what is the pulse wave and volume of blood felt during ventricular contraction?

Answer 30

size

Question 31

what is the compressibility of the artery?

Answer 31

tension

Question 32

what is the rate of respiration?

Answer 32

number of breaths per minute

Question 33

what is the amount of air during respiration?

Answer 33

depth (deep or shallow)

Question 34

what is the regularity of breathing?

Answer 34

rhythm (slow, normal, rapid)

Question 35

what is the type of breathing?

Answer 35

character (normal to labored)

Question 36

during blood pressure, what is the pressure in the vessels during heart contraction?

Answer 36

systolic

Question 37

during blood pressure, what is the pressure in the vessels during heart relaxation?

Answer 37

diastolic

Question 38

what is the normal adult values for temperature? (oral, rectal, axillary)

Answer 38

oral- 96.8°-98.6°F (36°-37°C) rectal- 99.6°F axillary- 97.6°

Question 39

what is the normal adult values for pulse?

Answer 39

60-90 beats/min

Question 40

what is the normal adult values for respiration?

Answer 40

10-20 breaths/min

Question 41

what is the normal adult values for blood pressure?

Answer 41

110-140 mm Hg / 60-80 mm Hg

Question 42

at which two levels does screening take place?

Answer 42

prevention and early detection

Question 43

mass screenings depend on what three factors?

Answer 43

previous results, cost effectiveness, and risk to patient

Question 44

screening is grouped into what two major categories?

Answer 44

lab studies and medical imaging

Question 45

what is ECG?

Answer 45

electrical conductivity of heart muscle; EKG

Question 46

what is EEG?

Answer 46

electroencephalogram; brain wave activity

Question 47

what is EMG?

Answer 47

electromyogram; electrical conductivity of muscle; aids in neuromuscular disorders

Question 48

if a test have the ability to measure a true positive, it has ____.

Answer 48

sensitivity

Question 49

if a test have the ability to measure a true negative, it has ____.

Answer 49

specificity

Question 50

who does the ACS recommend annual mammograms for?

Answer 50

women > 40

Question 51

true or false: mammograms cannot detect lesions before they can be palpated

Answer 51

false; mammograms CAN detect lesions before they can be palpated

Question 52

what secondary screening tool is used to find nodes that tumors are draining into?

Answer 52

sentinel node biopsy

Question 53

what are the two common methods for prostate cancer?

Answer 53

PSA and DRE

Question 54

who does the ACS recommend annual PSE and DRE for?

Answer 54

men > 50

Question 55

ACS recommends mass screenings for what five cancers?

Answer 55

colorectal, breast, prostate, cervical, endometrial

Question 56

who does the ACS recommend colorectal screenings for?

Answer 56

everyone > 50

Question 57

what is the ACS recommendation for colorectal cancer? (5 methods)

Answer 57

annual FOBT and FIT; flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years; annual FOBT or FIT plus flex sig every 5 years; double contrast barium enema (DCBE) every 5 years; colonoscopy every 10 years

Question 58

what is the ACS recommendation for cervical cancer?

Answer 58

pap smear 3 years after onset of vaginal intercourse but no later than 21 years old

Question 59

what is Tis?

Answer 59

tumor in situ; in the normal place (stage 0)