Detente 1969-80

Question 1

What was detente?

Answer 1

It was a period of time where the USA and the USSR tried to normalise relations between each other.

Question 2

Who was the first driver of detente ?

Answer 2

Nixon

Question 3

Why did both superpowers want detente by 1970s

Answer 3

Arms race was crippling both powers, and the concept of MAD

Question 4

What were the USAs economic problems in the 1970s

Answer 4

Inflation reached 6% in 1970
Unemployment reached 5%
End of Breton woods lowered world confidence in trade

Question 5

What were the Economic reasons for the USSR to pursue detente?

Answer 5

Russian economy could not support arms spending and provide consumer goods to the people

Question 6

Why did the Third world cause detente?

Answer 6

Brezhnev was committed to spreading communism to the third world, and did not want to cause tensions by doing so.

Question 7

When was the Moscow summit?

Answer 7

May 1972

Question 8

What was signed at Moscow?

Answer 8

SALT 1 and the Basic Principles agreement

Question 9

What did SALT 1 State?

Answer 9

Limited each side to two anti ballistic missile shield each with 100 missiles.
interim agreement on offensive missles

Question 10

What was the Basic Principles agreement?

Answer 10

It was the basic rules for the Cold war, seeing both sides as equals.

Question 11

Who drove European Ostpoltik?

Answer 11

Willy Brandt and West Germany to guarantee its borders

Question 12

When were the Helsinki Accords?

Answer 12

1975

Question 13

How many Baskets in the Helsinki accords?

Answer 13

3

Question 14

What was Basket 1 in the Helsinki accords

Answer 14

Guaranteed European Borders

Question 15

What was Basket 2 of the Helsinki accords?

Answer 15

Trade and cultural links

Question 16

What was Basket 3 of the Helsinki accords?

Answer 16

Human RIghts

Question 17

Who said ‘we are the masters in our own back yard’ when talking about human rights in the communist bloc?

Answer 17

Gromyko the soviet foreign minister

Question 18

What was the main unlooked for significance with Basket three of the Helsinki accords?

Answer 18

It gave the communist people the hope of escaping Soviet control, due to free speech and religion etc

Question 19

What was the problem with Baster two of the Helsinki accords?

Answer 19

It showed the ideological problems with the USSR

Question 20

What does OPEC stand for?

Answer 20

Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries

Question 21

What did OPEC launch?

Answer 21

A Oil embargo against Isreals allies

Question 22

What did the West create due to the Oil price shock?

Answer 22

G7, which had USA, Britain, France, West Germany, Canada, Italy, and Japan. Designed to bring economic stabilty

Question 23

What was the USSR’s GDP compared to the USAs in 1980?

Answer 23

37%

Question 24

What did Brezhnev order about the Soviet economy?

Answer 24

A return to central planning

Question 25

Why did interest rates hit the USSR hard?

Answer 25

The USSR had borrowed money from the West and now had to pay more back

Question 26

What did the struggling Soviet economy cause?

Answer 26

A slow down in the Arms Race

Question 27

How was the avoidance of nuclear war aim of détente achieved?

Answer 27

SALT 1 showed that they could discuss problems and solve them through dialouge

Question 28

Was economic prosperity achieved for the US?

Answer 28

Yes as the defence spending dropping and the USSR bought goods from the west.

Question 29

How much did defence spending decrease between 1970-76?

Answer 29

122 billion dollars

Question 30

Which US-Russian novelist criticised the US?

Answer 30

Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn.

Question 31

How many Senators supported him?

Answer 31

24

Question 32

Why did a union refuse to help load grain onto a ship for the USSR?

Answer 32

Because they disagreed with Détente believing it was a new appeasement

Question 33

What was President Ford asked to avoid in the 1976 presidential election?

Answer 33

Mentioning Detente

Question 34

Why did the Democrats win the election?

Answer 34

Pointed out the insignificance of the Helsinki accords | Argued that Realpoltik had allowed the USSR to achieve nuclear parity

Question 35

Why did members of the Soviet Politburo criticise Detente?

Answer 35

Believed it had moved them away from a world revolution.

Question 36

Why did Nixons fall lead to questions over Detente in the USSR?

Answer 36

It suggested that the USA did not have a secure position to agree on things in Detente

Question 37

What were the two Major problems faced by Jimmy Carter?

Answer 37

SALT 2 talks | Detente being unpopular with the American Public

Question 38

What was the Vladivostok Framework?

Answer 38

A equal celling of 2400 missiles for each country.

Question 39

What were the problems with SALT 2 ?

Answer 39

Disagreements over technical classifications of certain weapons.

Question 40

What did Carter do with the SALT 2 talks?

Answer 40

Replaced the entire US negotiating team

Question 41

When was SALT 2 signed?

Answer 41

June 1979

Question 42

What system did Carter invest in?

Answer 42

Trident 2

Question 43

When did the Soviets invade Afghanistan?

Answer 43

December 24th 1979

Question 44

Why did they Invade?

Answer 44

To retain the only Soviet foothold in the region

Question 45

What did it do to the US government?

Answer 45

Shifted support to the group against detente, supported by Brzezinski Carters National Security Advisor

Question 46

What did Carter do because of the Invasion?

Answer 46

Issued a grain embargo | Created plans to survive a nuclear war

Question 47

What did Congress do because of the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan?

Answer 47

It refused to ratify SALT 2

Question 48

Who won the 1980 US election?

Answer 48

Ronald Reagan

Question 49

When was Thatcher elected?

Answer 49

1979

Question 50

What was Reaganomics?

Answer 50

Roll Back the State | Increase defence spending

Question 51

What did Reagan do when he came to power?

Answer 51

Increased support for Anti-Soviet regimes | Started SDI

Question 52

What were the significance of Reagan policies

Answer 52

End of Detente