deteriorating situation 1969-72

Question 1

What concerns did the Stormont government have in summer 1969

Answer 1

they were concerned if their security forces would be able to handle increased violence as they were already stretched

Question 2

What concerns did the London government have in summer 1969

Answer 2

They were concerned enough and then established a cabinet committee on NI

Question 3

What concerns did the Dublin government have in summer 1969

Answer 3

They were concerned for the safety of minors and sent an intelligence officer to NI to keep watch

Question 4

Why did armed groups start to form

Answer 4

• Loyalists were angry about what they saw as concession after concession to nationalists.
• Republicans were apprehensive at their own ability to protect nationalist

Question 5

What happened in summer 1969

Answer 5

Violence broke out in Belfast and spread to Derry.

• Belfast violence took place in the form of burning houses forcing people to leave
• Derry violence began after the apprentice boys parade

Question 6

When was the apprentice boys parade

Answer 6

12th of August 1969

Question 7

Why was calm restored in summer 69

Answer 7

It calmed as a small number of troops requested by nationalist politicians came in

Question 8

Violence during August 1969 was seen as:

Answer 8

• Responsible for the need of British army in NI on the 14th-15th of August
• The eventual reemergence of the IRA

Question 9

What happened on August 19th

Answer 9

Chichster-Clark travelled to London to meet British PM Harold wilson

Question 10

What resulted from the meeting between the NI pm and the British Pm

Answer 10

Resulted in the publishment of the downing street declaration

Question 11

How did the downing street declaration aim to reassure nationalist communities

Answer 11

• Nationalists were told that every citizen of NI is entitled to the same equal treatment and should not be discriminated irrespective of political views or religion

Question 12

How did the downing street declaration aim to reassure Unionist communities

Answer 12

• Unionists were told that Ni shouldnt cease to be part of the UK without consent from the people of NI

Question 13

1. What other reforms were announced following the downing street declaration (first 4)

Answer 13

• The intro of one man one vote
• End gerrymandering
• Establishing committee on policing under Lord Hunt (A british official)
• Stormont government announced the setting up of the Scarman Tribunal to investigate recent disturbances

Question 14

2. What other reforms were announced following the downing street declaration (Last 3)

Answer 14

• A single housing authority was established taking over from local councils
• Measures to prevent discrimination in public employment were announced
• A ministry of community relations was created.

Question 15

What improvements happened to the economy

Answer 15

• A £2 million programme of work-created schemes

- Increased investment grants

Question 16

What was the Hunt Report recommending

Answer 16

• Disarming the RUC (Royal ulster constabulary

- Disbanding b-specials and replacing them with the Ulster defence Regiment (A part time force under army control

Question 17

What were the 2 groups that the IRA split into

Answer 17

• The Official IRA focused on establishing a socialist Ireland with violence still being used until a ceasefire called in May 1972

The movement split again with the emergence of the Irish Republican Social party and the Militant Irish Nationalist Liberation Army (INLA)

• The provisional IRA that claimed itself as the defender of the Nationalist community

Question 18

What was the new IRA Provisional movement objectives on Easter 1970

Answer 18

• Achieving civil rights
• Defending the catholic population
• Destroying Stormont government
• Removing British Imperialism from Ireland

Question 19

What was the reasoning for the Falls road curfew

Answer 19

When the IRAs campaign started to take off in then middle of 1970 the British army moved to protect itself . In July a 34 hour curfew was put on the lower falls area.

Question 20

What happened during the falls road curfew

Answer 20

• A house-to-house search for weapons was carried out with a number of weapons being found.
• This damaged the armys previously good relationship with Nationalists and helped increase IRA membership.

Question 21

Why did the UVF re-emerge and when

Answer 21

• Loyalists wanted an end to the Stormont Regime and return to unionist domination
• It sought to oppose the actions of the IRA and ensure NI remained apart of the UK
• Re-emerge in the mid 1960s and had grown

Question 22

Why did the UDA form and when

Answer 22

• It formed to fill a gap in the defences of the loyalist community.
• For most of its existence it remained a legal organisation and saw itself as a defensive group that protects unionist areas and resist Republic aggression
• It was viewed as too large to ban
• It was formed in September 1972

Question 23

What group formed within the UDA

Answer 23

• The Ulster freedom fighter was formed.

- Members of the group carried out paramilitary attacks causing the UFF to be outlawed in 1973

Question 24

when and why did Chichester-Clark resign

Answer 24

• As violence increased between 1970-1971, Stormont government demanded a bigger response from Britians new Conservative government.
• Chichester-Clark resigned in despair of Londons inactions.
• He resigned on the 20th of march 1971

Question 25

Who replaced Chichester-Clark as PM

Answer 25

Brian Faulkner

Question 26

What happened summer of 1971

Answer 26

- Violence was at a high during marching season - The government reintroduced the ability to arrest and detain without trial of those suspected of working for the destruction of the state.

Question 27

When was Internment introduced

Answer 27

9th of august 1971

Question 28

Why did Internment fail

Answer 28

Intelligence was outdated | 0 out of the 450 men arrested were leading member in the Provisional IRA

Question 29

Unionist responses to Internment

Answer 29

- Unionists were happy at first but support dropped after violence was still a high - They saw it as essential to ending IRA violence against Protestants

Question 30

Nationalist responses to Internment

Answer 30

- They saw it as one sided as a result of IRA increased membership - As the army was involved in the introduction of Internment, it increased poor relations with Nationalist communities

Question 31

What were the responses to Internment

Answer 31

- Violence and destruction followed leading to many deaths - The SDLP called for people to withhold payment of rents and rated, and for a withdrawl from local government in protest to Internment

Question 32

Explain Blood sunday

Answer 32

- In the aftermath of another march in Derry, a riot 8 days later developed on the 30th of January 1972 - In response to this riot troops from the Parachute Regiment were sent into the Bogside and shot thirteen men and injured 13 more, one who died from wounds. - An inquiry headed by Lord Widgery failed to provide an explanation but said everyone who had died had been carrying a weapon when shot

Question 33

Unionist responses to Bloody Sunday

Answer 33

- There was continued support for the government who saw the march as illegal and proactive. Some thought IRA was involved in the organisation of the march. - This resulted in increased violence which the government failed to end leading to the formation of the Ulster Vanguard headed by William Craig. in February 1972 - Vanguard was described as a coordinating body for the loyalist groups.

Question 34

Nationalist responses to Bloody Sunday

Answer 34

- Given the belief all victims were innocent and that the attack was unprovoked, Nationalist hostility to the state increased. This symbolised by riots and Burning down the British Embassy in Dublin - IRA membership crew and bombing campaign increased. - Britain faced international condemnation for the role it was playing in NI

Question 35

What were the reasons for the fall of Stormont

Answer 35

- Faulkner wants to rearm the RUCE and bring back the B-specials but refused to sign control of law and order and justice over to Edward Heath (Britain) - On the 22nd of March 1972 senior Stormont members travelled to London to discuss the situation of NI

Question 36

What changes did Edward heath inform senior members of stormont on the 22th of march 1972

Answer 36

- The transfer of security control to Westminster - A referendum on the future of the border - A gradual removal of internment - A secretary of state for NI - Talks with other parties in NI to establish a community government

Question 37

Why was there an introduction of Direct rule

Answer 37

- The Ni government resigned unable to accept the loss of control on the security policy. - On the 24th of march Heath suspended stormont and introduced direct rule

Question 38

What was Unionist reactions to Direct rule

Answer 38

- Unionists hated the removal of Stormont as they seen it as a barrier against a United Ireland. - A series of massive strikes and shutdowns organised by Ulster Vanguard in protest, this shut down the life of NI for 2 days but didnt get stormont back - Increased support for Loyalist paramilitaries and sectarian killings and support for DUP increased

Question 39

What was Nationalist reactions to Direct rule

Answer 39

- The SDLP and Dublin government welcomed chances for new beginnings. - The IRA stated its opposition of direct rule - NICRA stated its campaign for civil rights would continue