determinants Flashcards
(20 cards)
What are the four categories of determinants of parenting behaviours?
Cultural, contextual, stable, and situational determinants
This classification helps understand the various influences on parenting.
Who proposed a model identifying three influential categories of parenting determinants?
Jay Belsky
Belsky’s model includes parental psychological resources, child characteristics, and sources of stress & social support.
What does Bronfenbrenner’s Bioecological Systems model organize?
Immediate/proximal, mid-level, and distal determinants
This model provides a framework for understanding environmental influences on development.
How does culture influence parenting?
Influences parental values, goals & beliefs, norms & expectations for children
Example: Japan promotes interdependence while the US promotes independence.
What is socio-economic status (SES) related to in parenting?
Occupation, education, income
SES affects parenting values and practices, as suggested by Kohn’s research.
What is the effect of religion on parenting?
Influences values such as kindness, tradition, and conformity
Different religions emphasize family values in various ways.
How does parental (un)employment influence parenting?
Affects parents’ values, well-being, mood & parenting involvement
Maternal employment can have positive effects on family dynamics.
What are some major life stressors that influence parenting?
Natural disasters, death, divorce
Everyday occurrences like work and financial stress also significantly impact parental functioning.
What role does social support play in parenting?
Counters stress and promotes positive parenting
Lack of support is linked to more authoritarian parenting.
What influence does neighborhood have on parenting?
Can lead to negative outcomes like crime and health problems
Parenting can be a response to environmental stressors.
Do mothers and fathers parent differently?
Yes, fathers engage in less verbal but more rough play
Mothers are typically more responsive and engage in different types of play.
What is ‘intergenerational transmission of parenting’?
The influence of one’s own childhood experiences on parenting
This concept highlights how previous parenting experiences shape future behaviors.
How does age of parent affect parenting?
Conflicting results; older mothers can be both more involved and less positive
Age effects vary based on the domain of child-rearing.
What is the impact of a child’s age on parenting behaviors?
Linked to changes in size, language, cognitive skills, and emotional maturity
These changes can influence affection, communication, discipline, and care.
How does a child’s temperament affect parenting?
Parents relate differently based on the child’s behavioral style
Goodness of fit between parent and child temperament is important.
Is the sex of the child a significant factor in parenting?
Not as pervasive as commonly believed
Some differences in parenting behavior are observed based on the child’s sex.
What is the effect of a child’s birth order on parenting?
Firstborns receive more care and attention but also greater pressure to achieve
Other factors like sex of child and family size also play a role.
What percentage of UK families are lone parent families as of 2023?
16%
The focus has shifted to parenting processes rather than family structure.
What relationship dynamics influence parenting?
Close, supportive relationships linked to sensitive and positive parenting
Unhappy marriages can lead to less consistent parenting practices.
What are situational determinants in parenting?
Dynamic contexts and situations that influence parenting
These include the setting, presence of others, and transient characteristics.
