Determination of Urine Protein

Question 1

Amount of Protein in Urine:

Answer 1

Less than 10 mg/dl or 100 mg/24 hours

Question 2

The presence of an increased amount of protein in the urine is termed _____

Answer 2

Proteinuria

Question 3

Fill in the blanks:

Urinary proteins can be detected _____ and _____.

Answer 3

Qualitatively
Semiquantitatively

Question 4

Principle of Protein in the Reagent Strip:

Answer 4

Protein error of indicators

Question 5

Discuss the Protein Precipitation Technique:

Answer 5

Protein is denatured upon exposure to extremes of pH or temperature and it is evident by a decrease in their solubility.

Question 6

Protein Precipitation Technique can also be seen on what tests?

Answer 6

Heat and Acetic Acid Test
Sulfosalicylic Acid Test
Robert’s Test
Heller’s Ring Test

Question 7

Urinary Proteins Principle:

Answer 7

Protein Precipitation Techniques

Question 8

Fill in the blank:

Originally, Heat and Acetic Acid Test was used in the laboratory but it was cumbersome because of _____.

Answer 8

The use of Heat

Question 9

Positive Result for the Detection of Urinary Proteins using Precipitation Techniques:

Answer 9

Form of cloudiness or a ring at the junction of the reagents

Question 10

Test that is now being used in most clinical laboratories to detect Urinary Protein because there is no need to employ heat. It is only done at room temperature.

Answer 10

Sulfosalicylic Acid Test

Question 11

Fill in the blank:

When the pH is held constant by a buffer, certain indicator dyes will release _____ as a result of the presence of proteins (anions) and cause a color change.

Answer 11

Hydrogen Ions

Question 12

What indicates the amount of protein present in a Reagent Strip Test?

Answer 12

Intensity of Color

Question 13

Protein reagent strip results are reported as:

Answer 13

Concentrations in mg/dl by matching the resultant reagent pad color to the color chart provided on the reagent strip container.

Question 14

Materials needed for the Determination of Urine Protein using Precipitation Techniques:

Answer 14

Test tubes
Pipettes
Egg albumin solution
Conc. HNO3,
Conc. Acetic acid
Robert’s reagent
Saturated NaCI
Sulfosalicylic acid

Question 15

List down the step-by-step procedure in the Robert’s Test:

Answer 15

1. Place 3 cc of urine in a test tube.
2. Add 3 cc of Robert’s reagent to the bottom of the tube and allow to layer beneath.
3. Note for the formation of a white ring.
4. Record the results.

Question 16

In the Robert’s Test, what is the amount of urine placed in the test tube?

Answer 16

3 cc

Question 17

In the Robert’s Test, what is the amount of Robert’s Reagent placed in the test tube with urine?

Answer 17

3 cc

Question 18

Reagent used in the Robert’s Test:

Answer 18

Robert’s Reagent

Question 19

What do we detect in the Robert’s Test?

Answer 19

Formation of a white ring

Question 20

Fill in the blank:

Heller’s Ring Test is also known as _____.

Answer 20

HNO3 Test (Nitric Acid Test)

Question 21

List down the step-by-step procedure for the Heller’s Ring Test:

Answer 21

1. Place 2 cc of concentrated HNO3, in a test tube.
2. Overlay with urine and observe for a ring at the zone of contact.
3. Record the result.

Question 22

In the Heller’s Ring Test, what is the amount of the concentrated HNO3 placed in the test tube?

Answer 22

2 cc

Question 23

In the Heller’s Ring Test, what is the reagent or solution that is used?

Answer 23

Concentrated HNO3 or Concentrated Nitric Acid

Question 24

What do we detect in the Heller’s Ring Test?

Answer 24

Ring at the zone of contact

Question 25

Fill in the blank: Sulfosalicylic Acid Test is also known as _____.

Answer 25

Exton's Test

Question 26

List down the step-by-step procedure in Sulfosalicylic Acid Test:

Answer 26

1. Place 10 cc. of urine in a test tube. 2. Add 3 cc. of 3% aqueous SSA solution. 3. Note for the presence of cloudiness. 4. Record the result.

Question 27

In the Sulfosalicylic Acid Test, what is the amount of urine placed in the test tube?

Answer 27

10 cc

Question 28

In the Sulfosalicylic Acid Test, what is the amount of 3% aqueous SSA solution placed in the test tube?

Answer 28

3 cc

Question 29

What is the solution or the reagent used in the Sulfosalicylic Acid Test?

Answer 29

3% aqueous Sulfosalicylic Acid Solution

Question 30

What do we detect in the Sulfosalicylic Acid Test?

Answer 30

Presence of cloudiness

Question 31

What is the other term for the Modified Heat and Acetic Acid Test?

Answer 31

Purdy's Test

Question 32

List down the step-by-step procedure in the Purdy's Test:

Answer 32

1. Fill the test tube with 10 cc of urine. 2. Add about 2 cc of saturated aqueous solution of NaCI to raise the specific gravity. 3. Add 2 or 5 drops of glacial acetic acid. 4. Mix well and boil the upper portion gently. Rotate the tube to prevent cracking.

Question 33

In the Purdy's Test, what is the amount of urine placed in the test tube?

Answer 33

10 cc

Question 34

In Purdy's Test, what is the amount of the saturated aqueous solution of NaCI in the test tube?

Answer 34

2 cc

Question 35

In Purdy's Test, what is the reason why we add about 2 cc of saturated aqueous solution of NaCI?

Answer 35

To raise the specific gravity

Question 36

What is the reagent or solution used in the Purdy's Test?

Answer 36

2 cc of saturated aqueous solution of NaCl (Sodium Chloride)

Question 37

In Purdy's Test, what is the amount of glacial acetic acid needed?

Answer 37

2 to 5 drops

Question 38

In Purdy's Test, what do we do to prevent cracking?

Answer 38

Rotate the tube

Question 39

Fill in the blank: In Purdy's Test, if cloudiness persist, _____ is present.

Answer 39

Albumin

Question 40

In Purdy's Test, cloudiness appears due to:

Answer 40

Phosphates Carbonates

Question 41

In the Manner of Reporting for the Ring or Cloudiness Test, Negative Result indicates:

Answer 41

No ring or cloudiness appears at the zone of contact.

Question 42

In the Manner of Reporting for the Ring or Cloudiness Test, Trace Result indicates:

Answer 42

Ring or cloudiness is just perceptible against a black background (less than 0.05 gm%).

Question 43

In the Manner of Reporting for the Ring or Cloudiness Test, +1 Result indicates:

Answer 43

Ring or cloudiness is distinct against a black background (0.05 to 0.2 gm%).

Question 44

In the Manner of Reporting for the Ring or Cloudiness Test, +2 Result indicates:

Answer 44

Ring or cloudiness is distinct and granular against light (0.2 to 0.5 gm%).

Question 45

In the Manner of Reporting for the Ring or Cloudiness Test, +3 Result indicates:

Answer 45

Ring or cloudiness is heavy against light with distinct flocculi (0.5 to 2 mg%).

Question 46

In the Manner of Reporting for the Ring or Cloudiness Test, +3 Result indicates:

Answer 46

Ring or cloudiness is thick and dense against light, opaque and may solidify (2 mg% and over).

Question 47

No ring or cloudiness appears at the zone of contact. What is the result?

Answer 47

Negative

Question 48

Ring or cloudiness is just perceptible against a black background (less than 0.05 gm%). What is the result?

Answer 48

Trace

Question 49

Ring or cloudiness is distinct against a black background (0.05 to 0.2 gm%). What is the result?

Answer 49

1+

Question 50

Ring or cloudiness is distinct and granular against light (0.2 to 0.5 gm%). What is the result?

Answer 50

2+

Question 51

Ring or cloudiness is heavy against light with distinct flocculi (0.5 to 2 mg%). What is the result?

Answer 51

3+

Question 52

Ring or cloudiness is thick and dense against light, opaque and may solidify (2 mg% and over). What is the result?

Answer 52

4+

Question 53

List down the step-by-step procedure in the Determination of Urine Protein using Reagent Strip:

Answer 53

1. Dip a reagent strip into the urine. 2. Remove and stand for one minute. 3. Compare the color of the strip to the color chart. 4. Record the result.