Deterministic EFFECT

Question 1

Radiation response occurs within days to months.

Radiation response increases in severity.

Answer 1

DETERMINISTIC EFFECT

Question 2

Sequence that follow high-level radiation exposure leading to death within days or weeks.

Answer 2

ACUTE RADIATION SYNDROME

Question 3

This immediate response of radiation sickness.

Approximate Dose: >1 Gyt

Clinical Signs and Symptoms: Nausea, Vomiting, and Diarrhea

Answer 3

PRODROMAL PERIOD

Question 4

Is the time after exposure during which there is no sign of radiation sickness.
• After the period of initial radiation sickness, a period of Apparent well-being occurs

Approximate Dose: 1-100 Gyt

Clinical Signs and Symptoms: None

Answer 4

LATENT PERIOD

Question 5

This period is characterized by possible vomiting, mild diarrhea, malaise, lethargy, and fever.

At very high radiation doses, the latent period disappears altogether. At very low radiation doses, there may be no prodromal period at all.

Answer 5

MANIFEST ILLNESS

Question 6

As the whole-body radiation dose increases, the average time between exposure and death decreases.

Whole-body radiation dose increases average time between exposure and death.

Answer 6

MEAN SURVIVAL TIME

Question 7

Means Survival Time

Hematologic Syndrome:
GI Syndrome:
CNS Syndrome:

Answer 7

Dose Dependent
Remain constant at 4 days
Dose Dependent

Question 8

THREE SYNDROMES:

Answer 8

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYNDROME
GASTROINTESTINAL SYNDROME
HEMATOLOGIC SYNDROME

Question 9

Reduction of red, white blood cells, and platelets.

Answer 9

HEMATOLOGIC SYNDROME

Question 10

Severe damage to the cells lining the intestines

Answer 10

GASTROINTESTINAL SYNDROME

Question 11

The ultimate cause of death is elevated fluid content of the brain.

Answer 11

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYNDROME

Question 12

Is the dose of radiation to the whole body that causes 50% of irradiated subjects to die within 60 days.

Answer 12

The LD 50/60

Question 13

At the lower dose of approximately [. ], no one is expected to die.

Answer 13

1 Gyt (100 rad)

Question 14

Above approximately [. ]all those irradiated die unless vigorous medical support is available.

Answer 14

6 Gyt (600 rad)

Question 15

Above [. ] even vigorous medical support does not prevent death.

Answer 15

10 Gyt (1000 rad)

Question 16

Acute radiation lethality follows [. ]

If death is to occur, it usually happens within 60 days of exposure. Acute radiation lethality is measured quantitatively by the LD 50/60, which is approximately[. ] for humans. With clinical support, humans can tolerate much higher doses; the maximum is reported to be [. ]

Answer 16

Nonlinear-Threshold Dose-Response

3.5 Gyt (350 rad).
8.5 Gyt (850 rad).

Question 17

Is the shrinkage of an organ or tissue caused by cell death.

Answer 17

Atrophy

Question 18

When only part of the body is irradiated, in contrast to whole-body irradiation a [. ] . Every organ and tissue of the body can be affected by partial-body irradiation.

Answer 18

Higher Dose is required to produce a Response.

Question 19

LOCAL TISSUE DAMAGE

Answer 19

SKIN
GONADS
BONE MARROW

Question 20

What part of our skin damages radiation?

Answer 20

Basal Cells

Question 21

Male Gonads; produces germ cell
Produces spermatogonia and matures into sperm

Answer 21

Testes

Question 22

Germ cells are produced by both ovaries and testes, but they develop from the stem cell phase to the mature cell phase at different rates and at different times. This process of development is called

Answer 22

Gametogenesis

Question 23

THE MATURATION PROCESS FROM STEM CELL TO SPERM CELL IS

Answer 23

3-5 WEEKS

Question 24

Consists of bone marrow, circulating blood, and lymphoid tissue. With this system, the principal effect of radiation is a depressed number of blood cells in the peripheral circulation.

Answer 24

HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM