Deuterostomes

Question 1

Two main groups of deuterostomes

Answer 1

Echinodermata, Chordata

Question 2

Shared characteristics of Deuterostomes?

Answer 2

formation of anus from blastopore, enterocoelus, indeterminate fate of early blastopore, radial cleavage

Question 3

Echinodermata body type?

Answer 3

larvae bilateral, adult is five-sided radial symmetry

Question 4

Body features of echinodermata?

Answer 4

calcium carbonate endoskeleton, and water vascular system

Question 5

five living echinoderm lineages?

Answer 5

crinoidea, asteroidea, ophiuroidea, echinoidea, holothuroidea

Question 6

Traits of embryonic development in chordata

Answer 6

notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, muscular post-anal tail

Question 7

three major lineages of chordata

Answer 7

cephalochordates, urochordates, craniates(vertebrates)

Question 8

Role pharyngeal slits?

Answer 8

suspension feeding devices for invertebrates, gas exchange in vertebrates(non tetrapods) aka gills, for tetrapods it is part of ear neck head

Question 9

dorsal hollow nerve cord becomes what in chordates?

Answer 9

like a CNS

Question 10

Cephalochordata are also known as?

Answer 10

lancelets or amphioxus

Question 11

traits of cephalochordata?

Answer 11

most basal group, mobile but can be suspension feeders, marine, external fertilization

Question 12

traits of urochordata(tunicates)?

Answer 12

marine, retained only pharyngeal slits as adults, two siphons, U-shaped gut, exoskeletal tunic, sexual/asexual/e or i

Question 13

traits of craniates?

Answer 13

vertebrates with skull, can have brain other sensory organs, higher metabolism, heart with 2 or more chambers, RBC w hemoglobin, kidneys

Question 14

monophyletic vertebrates distinguished by what..?

Answer 14

spinal column(cartilage or bone), cranium, fin rays(in aquatic forms)

Question 15

myxini(hagfish) key traits

Answer 15

marine bottom dwellers, cartilage, no true vertebrae, lack jaws, small brain/eyes/ears,tooth

Question 16

petromyzontids(lampreys) key traits

Answer 16

lack jaws, ectoparasites of fish, fresh/salt water, lack true vertebrae as well

Question 17

burgess shale show what ancient chordates?

Answer 17

conodonts and other fossil chordates even some echinoderm

Question 18

traits of conodonts

Answer 18

soft-bodied, lacking jaws , made mainly of cartilage, dental elements make them good index fossil

Question 19

key vertebrate innovations in order?

Answer 19

bony exoskeleton, jaws, bony endoskeleton, limbs for land, amniotic egg

Question 20

what are ostracoderms?

Answer 20

extinct jawless fishesm armored scale plates

Question 21

derived characters of gnathostomes?

Answer 21

have jaws, enlarged forebrain, lateral line system(for aquatic forms), most diverse vertebrates

Question 22

name the two ancient extinct gnathostomes

Answer 22

placoderms(no teeth, sister group), acanthodians(sister to bony fish)

Question 23

chondrichthyes body type?

Answer 23

cartilage, also have cloaca

Question 24

features of chondrichthyes?

Answer 24

predatory, acute senses, internal fertilization via claspers on fins

Question 25

two majors groups of chondrichthyes?

Answer 25

elasmobranchi and holocephalians

Question 26

traits of elasmobranchi?

Answer 26

spiral valve, apullae of lorenzini, diverse

Question 27

traits of holocephalians?

Answer 27

venomous spine/operculum, single gill opening and no cloaca

Question 28

three clades of amphibians

Answer 28

AAU-- anura, apoda, uredela

Question 29

anura consists of?

Answer 29

tailess ones, frogs toads

Question 30

apoda?

Answer 30

legless ones, caecilians

Question 31

uredela?

Answer 31

tailed ones-- salamanders

Question 32

amphibian characters?

Answer 32

lungs and skin for respiration as adults, used gills as larvae, moist skin, cloaca, metamorphosis

Question 33

3 clades of amniotes?

Answer 33

anapsida, synapsida, diapsida

Question 34

4 extra-embryonic layers in amniotic egg?

Answer 34

amnion, yolk sac, allantois, chorion

Question 35

four major lineages of reptiles?

Answer 35

squamates, chelonians, crocodilians, aves

Question 36

two groups of reptiles?

Answer 36

lepidosaurs and archosaurs

Question 37

squamata characters?

Answer 37

cranial kinesis, vomernasal organ, usually lizards and snakes

Question 38

birds descended from ____ dinosaurs

Answer 38

theropod

Question 39

birds are part of monophyletic group called?

Answer 39

dinosauria

Question 40

features that aid birds in flight?

Answer 40

lack of urinary bladder, one ovary(lighter), large pectoral muscles anchored to keel on sternum

Question 41

two groups of birds today are?

Answer 41

neornithes and ratites