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Animal Kingdom > Deuterostomes > Flashcards

Deuterostomes Flashcards

1
Q

From what structure did vertebrate jaws evolve?

A

Gill arches of early fish

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2
Q

Which vertebrate class has the largest number of species?

A

Osteichthyes (the bony fish)

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3
Q

Which class do sciliorhinus and raja belong?

A

Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish or elasmobranchs).

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4
Q

What senses are well developed in many chondrichthys?

A

Chemoreception, electroreception.

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5
Q

What is the buoyancy organ of bony fish?

A

Swimbladder

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6
Q

What are Sarcopterygii?

A

‘Lobe-finned’ fish: small group of osteichthyes- lungfish & coelacanths

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7
Q

What kind of limb to land vertebrates have?

A

Pentadactyl

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8
Q

What is the name of the group of animas that amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals belong to?

A

Tetrapods

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9
Q

What is the name of the group of animals that birds, reptiles and mammals belong to?

A

Amniotes

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10
Q

What does ‘Amphibia’ mean?

A

Both lives- larva and adults forms

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11
Q

How many chambers does and amphibian heart have?

A

Three

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12
Q

How many chambers does a reptile heart have?

A

Three- but partial division of ventricle

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13
Q

What are bird feathers made of?

A

Keratin

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14
Q

What is the name for the mammalian external ear?

A

Pinna

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15
Q

What kind of egg do reptiles lay?

A

Amniotic

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16
Q

What does ‘paraphyletic’ mean?

A

A group of organisms that does not include ALL descendants of their most recent common ancestor

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17
Q

Give and example of a paraphyletic group

A

Reptiles

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18
Q

How do reptiles ventilate their lungs?

A

By movement of ribs

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19
Q

What does ‘saur’ mean?

A

Lizard

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20
Q

What kind of skulls do turtles have?

A

Anapsid

21
Q

What modern animals have synapsid skulls?

A

Mammals

22
Q

Where are sea turtles eggs laid?

A

In holes dug by the female on sandy beaches- their own natal beaches

23
Q

Where do tuataras live?

A

Coastal islands on New Zealand

24
Q

What kind of animals belong to the Squamata?

A

Lizards, snakes

25
Q

What is special about lizard and snake jaws?

A

The upper as well as the lower jaw articulates with the cranium (brain box)

26
Q

How is the sex of crocodiles determines during development?

A

Incubation temperature

27
Q

When did large dinosaurs die out?

A

The Cretaceous.

28
Q

What characteristic features do mammalian ears uniquely have?

A

A pinna; and 3 bones link ear drum to ear

29
Q

How many chambers does a mammalian heart have?

A

4

30
Q

What powers ventilation of mammalian lung?

A

Diaphragm

31
Q

What sub classes of extant mammals are there?

A

Protheria & theria

32
Q

What kinda of living protherians are there?

A

Duck billed platypus, spiny ant-eaters (echidnas)

33
Q

Where do marsupials live?

A

Mainly Australia, New Guineas, south america

34
Q

What order of mammals has the most species?

A

Rodents

35
Q

What does ‘chiroptera’ mean?

A

Hand-wing

36
Q

What method do bats use to navigate and find insects in the darkness?

A

Echolocation

37
Q

What are the two main groups of modern primate?

A

Prosimians and anthropoids.

38
Q

What does ‘echinoderm’ mean?

A

Spiny skinned

39
Q

What features distinguish protostomes from deuterostomes?

A

Protostomes- blastopore becomes mouth (first mouth), spiral cleavage
Deuterostomes- blastopore becomes anus (second mouth), radial cleavage

40
Q

Where do all echinoderms live?

A

In the sea

41
Q

What is a madreporite?

A

A sieve-like covering to the opening of the water vascular system

42
Q

Name a British starfish and sea urchin

A

Asterias, echinus

43
Q

What kind of feet do most echinoderms have?

A

Tube feet

44
Q

What are the major modern echinoderm classes?

A 
Asteroidea- starfish
Echinoidea- sea cucumbers
Crinoidea- feather stars
Ophiuroidea- brittle stars
Holithurioidea- sea cucumbers
45
Q

What is the system of canals that connect with tube feet of echinoderms called?

A

Water vascular system

46
Q

What do brittle stars lack?

A

Gut and anus

47
Q

What are the pincer-like structures on the surface if many echinoderms called?

A

Pedicellariae

48
Q

How do holothuroidea breathe?

A

Respiratory tree

Animal Kingdom (2 decks)

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