DEV PSYCHOLOGY

Question 1

ALL OF US ARE ___________ INTERESTED IN OURSELVES AND THE OTHER
DEVELOPING PEOPLE AROUND US. MOST COLLEGE STUDENTS WANT TO UNDERSTAND HOW THEY
AND THOSE THEY KNOW HAVE BEEN AFFECTED BY THEIR EXPERIENCES, HOW THEY HAVE
CHANGED OVER THE YEARS, AND WHERE THEY MAY BE HEADED.

Answer 1

DEVELOPING PERSONS

Question 2

“We reach backward to our parents and forward to our children, and through their children to a future we will never see, but about which we need to care.”

Answer 2

CARL JUNG

Question 3

The pattern of change that begins at conception
and continues through the life span. most development involves growth, although it also includes decline brought on by aging and dying.

Answer 3

DEVELOPMENT

Question 4

The growth of the body and its organs, the functioning of physiological systems
including the brain, physical signs of aging, changes in motor abilities, and so on.

Answer 4

PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT

Question 5

Changes and continuities in
perception, language, learning, memory, problem solving ,and other mental processes.

Answer 5

COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

Question 6

Changes and carryover in personal and
interpersonal aspects of development,
such as motives, emotions, personality
traits, interpersonal skills and
relationships, and roles played in the
family and in the larger society.

Answer 6

PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

Question 7

Closely related to multidimensionality is the idea that
development is

Answer 7

MULTIDIRECTIONAL

Question 8

That is, dimensions and
specific components of dimensions ________
during different points in a person’s development.

Answer 8

GROW AND SHRINK

Question 9

are those biological and environmental factors that have a strong correlation with
chronological age, such as puberty or menopause, or age-based social practices such
as beginning school or entering retirement.

Answer 9

NORMATIVE AGE-GRADED INFLUENCES

Question 10

are associated with a specific time period that defines the broader environmental and
cultural context in which an individual develops.

Answer 10

NORMATIVE HISTORY-GRADED INFLUENCES

Question 11

are unpredictable and not tied to a certain developmental time in a person’s
development or to a historical period. They are the unique experiences of an individual,
whether biological or environmental, that shape the development process.

Answer 11

NON-NORMATIVE INFLUENCES

Question 12

refer to changes in the individual’s thought, intelligence, and language. Watching a
colorful mobile swinging above the crib, putting together a two-word sentence, memorizing a poem,
imagining what it would be like to be a movie star, and solving a crossword puzzle all involve cognitive
processes.

Answer 12

Cognitive
Processes

Question 12

produce changes in an individual’s physical nature. genes inherited from parents, the development of the
brain, height and weight gains, changes in motor skills, nutrition, exercise, the hormonal changes of
puberty, and cardiovascular decline are all examples of biological processes that affect development.

Answer 12

Biological
Processes

Question 13

Processes involve changes in the individual’s relationships with other people, changes in
emotions, and changes in personality.

Answer 13

Socioemotional processes

Question 14

is the time from conception to birth. It involves tremendous
growth—from a single cell to an organism complete with brain and behavioral
capabilities—and takes place in approximately a nine-month period.

Answer 14

PRENATAL PERIOD

Question 15

is the developmental period from birth to 18 or 24
months. Infancy is a time of extreme dependence upon
adults. During this period, many psychological activities—
language, symbolic thought, sensorimotor coordination,
and social learning, for example—are just beginning.

Answer 15

Infancy

Question 16

is the developmental period from the end of infancy to age 5 or 6. This period
is sometimes called the “preschool years.” During this time, young children learn to become
more self-sufficient and to care for themselves,
develop school readiness skills (following instructions, identifying letters), and spend many
hours in play with peers. First grade typically marks the end of early childhood.

Answer 16

EARLY CHILDHOOD

Question 17

is the developmental period from about 6 to 11 years of age,
approximately corresponding to the elementary school years. During this period, the
fundamental skills of reading, writing, and arithmetic are mastered. The child is formally
exposed to the larger world and its culture. Achievement becomes a more central theme of the
child’s world, and self-control increases.

Answer 17

MIDDLE AND LATE CHILDHOOD

Question 18

is the developmental period that begins in the early 20s and lasts through the 30s. It is
a time of establishing personal and economic independence, career development, and for many,
selecting a mate, learning to live with someonein an intimate way, starting a family, and rearing children.

Answer 18

EARLY ADULTHOOD

Question 19

is the developmental period from approximately 40 years of age to about 60. It is
a time of expanding personal and social involvement and responsibility; of assisting the next
generation in becoming competent, mature individuals; and of reaching and maintaining satisfaction
in a career.

Answer 19

MIDDLE ADULTHOOD

Question 20

is the developmental period that begins in the 60s or 70s and lasts until
death. It is a time of life review, retirement, and adjustment to new social roles involving
decreasing strength and health. Late adulthood has the longest span of any period of
development.

Answer 20

LATE ADULTHOOD

Question 21

also called senescence, in human beings, the final stage of the normal life
span. This is the stage of life from the 60s onward; it constitutes the last stage of
physical change. The skin continues to lose elasticity, reaction time slows further, and
muscle strength diminishes. Hearing and vision—so sharp in our twenties—decline
significantly; cataracts, or cloudy areas of the eyes that result in vision loss, are
frequent. The immune system is weakened, and many older people are more
susceptible to illness. The aging process generally results in changes and lower
functioning in the brain, leading to problems like memory loss and decreased
intellectual function.

Answer 21

OLD AGE

Question 22

involves the extent to which
development is influenced
by ____ to an organism’s biological
inheritance, nurture to its
environmental experiences.

Answer 22

NATURE AND NURTURE

Question 23

Involves the degree to
which we become older
renditions of our early
experience or whether we develop into someone different from who we
were at an earlier
point in development

Answer 23

STABILITY AND CHANGE

Question 24

focuses on the degree to
which development involves
either gradual, cumulative
change or distinct
stages. In terms
of continuity, as the oak grows
from seedling to giant oak, it
becomes more of an oak—its
development is continuous .

Answer 24

CONTINUITY AND DISCONTINUITY

Question 25

present at birth and represents everything that we inherit from our parents. It comprises
our needs that require constant fulfillment and operates on the pleasure principle, as well as
the need for immediate gratification, without regard for consequences or realities.

Answer 25

ID

Question 26

Arises from the Ego and develops as an internal representation of the
moral values of the environment. The Superego judges what we should morally do or
not do, and guides us about the should and should nots of our lives. It rewards us
with pride and positive feelings upon doing good, and punishes us with feelings of
guilt, shame or fear for not abiding by values that we have set for ourselves.

Answer 26

SUPEREGO

Question 27

develops as a result of our attempts to satisfy our needs through interactions with
our physical and social environment. The Ego is also a decision-maker that operates on
the reality principle, evaluating conditions of the real world which may or may not satisfy
the Id’s demands and seeking acceptable methods of fulfilling the Id’s wishes.

Answer 27

EGO

Question 28

In the first stage of personality development, the libido is centered in a baby’s

Answer 28

MOUTH

Question 29

The libido now becomes focused on the (1-3)

Answer 29

ANUS

Question 30

Freud suggested that during the phallic stage, the primary focus of the libido is on
the (3-6)

Answer 30

GENITALS

Question 31

• Occurs in boys
• Desire for stimulation or masturbation of his own genitals.
• Have sexual/sensual desires for his mother.
• Boys begin to view their fathers as a rival for the mother’s affections.
  The Oedipus complex describes these feelings of wanting to possess
  the mother and the desire to replace the father.

Answer 31

OEDIPUS COMPLEX

Question 32

The child also fears that he will be punished by the
father.

Answer 32

CASTRASION ANXIETY

Question 33

• Occur in girls.
• Attracted towards their father.
• Notice that she does not have the sex organs like her
  father and brother.
• Feeling of being castrated by her mother which makes
  her angry and she starts devaluating her mother.
• The girl then represses her feelings (to remove the
  tension) and identifies with the mother to take on the
  female gender role.
• It is well said saying “A father is a daughter’s first love.”

Answer 33

ELECTRA COMPLEX