developing fuels- hydrocarbons

Question 1

crude oil

Answer 1

mixture of hydrocarbons

Question 2

fractionating

Answer 2

• seperates different hydrocarbons by heat
• takes place in an oil refinery

Question 3

fractionating column

Answer 3

heat gradient

Question 4

different fractions

Answer 4

each fraction= made up of hydrocarbons with similar boiling points

Question 5

bubble cap

Answer 5

uncondensed hydrocarbons rise through the gaps

Question 6

plates

Answer 6

condensed hydrocarbons collect and are taken away by the pipes

Question 7

alkane

Answer 7

• all c-c bonds are single
• CnH2n+2

Question 8

alkene

Answer 8

• contains at least 1 c=c double bond
• CnH2n

Question 9

arene

Answer 9

• unsaturated ring structure
• CnHn

Question 10

cycloalkane

Answer 10

• saturated ring structure
• CnH2n

Question 11

carbon chain length

Answer 11

• little effect on reactivity
• effects physical properties such as m.p, b.p, solubility

Question 12

aliphatic

Answer 12

doesnt contain a benzene ring

Question 13

aromatic

Answer 13

contains a benzene ring

Question 14

cyclopropane

Answer 14

unstable due to strain

Question 15

naming hydrocarbons- step one

Answer 15

find longest chain = backbone. identify & name, e.g. 6 carbons = hexane

Question 16

naming hydrocarbons- step two

Answer 16

identify & name side chains e.g. 4-ethyl

Question 17

naming hydrocarbons- step three

Answer 17

identify carbon numbers & amounts of side chains

Question 18

E isomerism

Answer 18

akyl/functional groups on the same side

Question 19

Z- isomerism

Answer 19

alkyl/functional groups opposite eachother

Question 20

primary alcohol

Answer 20

-OH group on 1st carbon

Question 21

secondary alcohol

Answer 21

-OH group on 2nd carbon