Development

Question 1

GDP

Answer 1

The total value of goods and services produced within a country in a year.

Question 2

Human Development Index (HDI)

Answer 2

Life expectancy at birth
Expected years of schooling
GNI per capita

Question 3

Multilateral aid

Answer 3

Aid provided by governments to international organisations such as ‘WHO’ World Health Organisation

Question 4

Bilateral aid

Answer 4

Governments providing aid to a single country.

Question 5

NGO

Answer 5

Non-government organisation such as OxFam or Red Cross

Question 6

FDI

Answer 6

Foreign Direct Investment - companies investing in other countries.

Question 7

TNC

Answer 7

Transnational corporations such as Nike, Apple Samsung, placing factories in other countries.

Question 8

International aid - India

Answer 8

Charitable organisation Fair Trade introduced in 1992 supporting Indian farmers in the primary sector.
Farmers paid for extracting raw materials such as crops and cocoa powder which is directly send to markets to be sold without the ‘middle-man’.

Question 9

Governmental aid - India

Answer 9

Subsidies privately funded by governments supporting farmers in primary sector in which they can use this money to fertilise their soil to provide the ideal conditions to support crop growth to then be sold to the secondary sector.

Question 10

Pros and Cons of top down initiatives

Answer 10

Creates work leading to increased employment .
Able to deal with larger scale issues. eg. air pollution

Can take a long time to put into action.
Doesn’t involve local people who may disagree with the project.

Question 11

Pros and cons of bottom up initiatives

Answer 11

Takes a short time to set up and doesn’t require loads of money.
Local people feel more involved , creating support.

Cannot easily deal with big issues eg. air pollution
Doesn’t help majority of urban areas as only appeals to small communities in rural areas.

Question 12

Solutions to rapid development in India

Answer 12

Smart Cities Mission is an initiative by the government to improve QOL, consisting of:
Adequate water supply
Electricity supply
Affordable housing 
Health and education

Railways launched a double-decker express train which is the transport lifeline of the nation.
Adds accessibility and connectivity of rural and urban areas.
Reduces air pollution as there is less traffic congestion
Helps people access jobs which increases employment.