Development

Question 1

What is development?

Answer 1

The change of a country overtime. Mainly positive and means people reaching an acceptable standard of living and decent quality of life.

Question 2

Standard of living?

Answer 2

Materialistic view referring to mainly income. eg. housing, cars, income

Question 3

Quality of life?

Answer 3

General wellbeing- eg. leisure time

Question 4

Poverty definition?

Answer 4

Not having enough money to have basic necessities such as food, water, shelter

Question 5

Extreme poverty definition?

Answer 5

Living under $2.15 per day per person according to the World Bank

Question 6

Human development index- what does it measure?

Answer 6

Development of a country- GNI, life expectancy and education

Question 7

GNI meaning?

Answer 7

Indicator of living standards- measured per person of how much income people earn. Average of the whole country

Question 8

Inequality meaning?

Answer 8

Imbalances in power, rights, etc

Question 9

Whats sustainable development?

Answer 9

Development that reaches the needs of the country now whilst ensuring that future generations have the ability to reach their needs

Question 10

SEEP meaning?

Answer 10

Social, economic, environmental, political

Question 11

Development compass rose factors?

Answer 11

Natural, economic, social, who decides?

Question 12

6 causes of poverty?

Answer 12

location
politics
war
gender inequality
natural hazards
access to education

Question 13

Advantage to using GNI as a development indicator?

Answer 13

Gives a general show to give an idea of how rich/poor a country is.
The figures are closely related to social dev factors- higher the GNI, the better the education and healthcare in the country

Question 14

What makes development so complex?

Answer 14

• Hard to measure accurately. So many factors
• The population is dynamic: always changing
• Subjective
• Gives an average: no regional inequalities. Not the most reliable
• Corruption in the government- they might spend money on weapons rather than clean water

Question 15

Natural indicators

Answer 15

Waste dumps
Water outlets
Green spaces
Air quality
Water quality

Question 16

Who decides?- Political indicators

Answer 16

Political democracy
Stable/corrupt?
Voting rights

Question 17

What is the development continuum?
What is the order of it? (5 groups)

Answer 17

A concept of classifying countries into groups based on their development level

LDCs LICs developing NICs HICs

Question 18

3 low income countries?

Answer 18

South Sudan
Bangladesh
Nepal

Question 19

3 newly industrialised countries?

Answer 19

Pakistan
China
India

Question 20

3 high income countries?

Answer 20

Norway
Switzerland
Luxembourg

Question 21

Physical causes of poverty?

Answer 21

Location
Natural hazards
Poor infrastructure

Question 22

Social causes of poverty?

Answer 22

Gender inequality
Discrimination
Lack of education

Question 23

Economic causes of poverty?

Answer 23

High tax rates
Income inequality
Employment
Unequal access to resources
Government spending money on weapons

Question 24

Sustainable development meaning?

Answer 24

Development that reaches the needs of the current generation whilst ensuring that future generations will be able to reach their needs

Question 25

What are the SDGs?

Answer 25

A group of 17 sustainable development goals that countries aspire to reach by 2030. Made by the UN to make the world a more sustainable and green place.

Question 26

Barriers to development? x8

Answer 26

Location Climate Corruption Religion and culture Gender inequality Fear of change Debt Access to resources

Question 27

6 things that development can be measured by?

Answer 27

HDI GNI Infant mortality rate Birth and death rates Literacy rates Life expectancy

Question 28

Disadvantage to using GNI as a development indicator?

Answer 28

Ignores regional inequalities - Doesn't account for the distribution of the income --> unreliable Excludes non market activities - Many people's jobs are caregiving or babysitting and they take cash instead of bank transfers so that they don't get taxed --> leads to an underestimation of the country's money

Question 29

Advantage to using HDI as a development indicator?

Answer 29

Includes health, education and income - Broad range of types of factors: economic and social --> Measuring development can be subjective so this is more balanced Easily comparable - gives a single, standardised score --> makes it easy and quick to compare development levels across countries

Question 30

Disadvantage to using HDI as a development indicator?

Answer 30

Limited to only economic and social factors - doesn't give political or geographical safety --> incomplete, 2 dimensional view of development Takes an average of 2 averages and one statistic - averages are already removing some difference between rich and poor --> averaging the data again will mask the inequalities, making it look as if the whole population is doing well