Development Flashcards
Why is a country more likely to be less developed if it has a history of conflict?
War slows or reduces development.
Money is spent on the military instead of on development projects.
Important services like healthcare and education are disrupted.
Infrastructure is damaged.
Mortality rates increase.
Literacy rates decrease.
Why is a country more likely to be less developed if it has a history of colonialism?
Countries that were colonised were ruled by another country.
Colonialism kept them at a lower level of development, this meant that when they became independent they were less developed than if they had never been colonised.
Colonisers also removed raw materials leaving less for the country to sell when it became independent.
Colonisers sold manufactured goods to the independent countries at a high price, increasing inequality
Why is a country more likely to be less developed if it has poor trade links?
Poor trade links reduce trade and mean less tax can be collected by the government.
Naming three examples, explain what is meant by quarternary employment
Quaternary jobs involve research and development, e.g. app design, biomedical research, food blogging
What are the impacts of uneven development on international migration?
Many people move from LICs and NEEs to HICs to escape conflict or to increase their income and quality of life.
Migrant workers contribute to the economies of the HICs they move to.
Which stages of the demographic transition model (DTM) are most HICs in?
Stages four and five
Name three economic factors that can negatively affect a country’s level of development
Poor trade links
Lots of debt
Most people are in primary employment
Naming three examples, explain what is meant by tertiary employment
Tertiary jobs involve providing a service, e.g. teaching, nursing, lorry driving
Why is a country more likely to be less developed if it has a high frequency or severity of natural disasters?
Natural disasters can reduce quality of life
Money spent on prevention, mitigation and rebuilding cannot be spent on other development projects
Give reasons for the birth rate, death rate, to increase in stage four of the demographic transition model (DTM)
Costs of raising children and caring for elderly dependents reduces birthrate.
Death rate is low and life expectancy is high as healthcare is good.
What is the development gap?
The difference between the most and the least economically developed countries
Naming three examples, explain what is meant by primary employment
Primary jobs involve getting raw materials from the natural environment, e.g. mining, farming, fishing.
Why is a country more likely to be less developed if it has a poor climate?
Hot, cold, or dry climates limit how many crops can be grown
Low food production can lead to malnourishment
Having less crops to sell reduces trade and means less tax can be collected by the government
Naming three examples, explain what is meant by secondary employment
Secondary jobs involve making things from raw materials, e.g. car manufacturing, working in a textile factory, construction.
Why is a country more likely to be less developed if most people are in primary employment?
Raw materials are often sold for less money than manufactured goods.
Less money is made from trade than if most people were in secondary employment.
Wealthier countries often force poorer countries to sell raw materials at lower prices.
Why is a country more likely to be less developed if it has few raw materials?
Less can be exported to other countries, reducing trade and the amount of tax that can be collected by the government
More has to be imported, there is less money to spend on other development projects
When is the rate of population growth highest in the demographic transition model?
Between stages two and three, when the death rate is low but the birth rate is high
Why is a country more likely to be less developed if it has lots of debt?
Money that is borrowed has to be paid back with interest.
Paying the interest on money that has been borrowed means there’s less for money to spend on other development projects
As a way to measure economic development, what is Gross National Income (GNI)?
The total value of goods and services produced in a country, including overseas income
In economic development, what is a High Income Country (HIC)?
Countries where the GNI per capita is high
As a way to measure social development, what is access to safe water?
The percentage of people in a country with access to safe water
What is development?
The improvement in the standard of living of people in a specific country or area
As a way to measure social development, what is the infant mortality rate?
The number of children who die within their first 12 months, per thousand live births, per year
As a way to measure economic development, what is Gross National Income (GNI) per capita?
GNI, divided by the total population
