Development Flashcards
Breast Vs Bottle is often debated when it comes to feeding your baby
What does the world health organisation recommend?
The World Health Organisation recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life.
Suggest 3 issues with breastfeeding a mother may encounter?
- Poor milk supply
- Difficulty latching
- Discomfort or pain for the mother
Both breast and bottle feeding can lead to overfeeding,
Which way is overfeeding more common?
Overfeeding is more common in bottle-fed babies.
How much milk should formular fed babies recieve?
150ml/kg/ day
e.g. If the baby was 4kg then they would require 600ml of milk per day.
It is normal for babies to initially lose weight in the first few days.
What perecetnage weight loss is acceptable for breast fed babies?
10% weight loss in the first 5 days
It is normal for babies to initially lose weight in the first few days.
What perecetnage weight loss is acceptable for formula fed babies?
5% weight loss in the first 5 days.
Babies should be back to their birth weight by day 10.
If they lose more weight or are not back to their birth weight then how should you manage the baby?
The baby needs admitting to hospital for assessment and possible treatment.
Why do babies lose weight in their first fe days?
- Due to fluid adjustments e.g. urine and meconium passing
-Poor feeding
-Dehydration
When does weaning usually start?
Weaning starts around 6 months of age.
It starts with pureed foods that are easy to palate, swallow and digest e.g. pureed fruit.
What is weaning?
Weaning refers to the gradual transition from milk to normal food.
What is meant by ‘failure to thrive’?
Poor physical growth and development in a child.
Suggest 5 broad causes of failure to thrive?
- Inadequate nutritional intake e.g. neglect
- Difficulty feeding e.g. cleft lip or palate
- Malabsorption e.g. Inflammatory bowel disease
- Increased energy requirements e.g. Hyperthryoidism
- Inability to process nutrition e.g. Type 1 diabetes
If a child is identified as failure to thrive an assessment is undertaken.
What does this consist of?
- History (Inc. pregnancy, birth, developmental, feeding history)
- Examination (Inc. Height, weight & BMI, mid-parental height)
- Any relevant investigations (Inc. urine dipstick, coeliac screen)
How is a failure to thrive managed?
-Regular reviews to monitor weight gain
-Referals to mdiwives, health visitors for feeding support
-Encourage regular mealtimes
-Review by dietician
-Nutrutional supplement drinks
-Energey dense foods
-Enteral tube feeding for severe cases
What is short stature defined as?
A height more than 2 standard deviations below the average for thier age and sex.
*AKA. this is the same as being below the 2nd centile *
How can a childs predicted height be calculated?
Using the mid parental height
Mothers height (cm) +fathers height (cm) +/- 14cm / 2
+14cm for boys
-14cm for girls
Suggest 5 causes for short stature?
- Famiial short stature
2.Malnutrition
3.Chronic disease - Constiutional delay in growth and development
- Endocrine disorders
What is meant by constiutional delay in growth and devlopment?
A condition that causes delayed puberty and short stature in children. It’s also known as being a “late bloomer” and is considered a variation in normal development.
Nb- It leads to short stature in childhood when compared with peers but normal height in adulthood
What is a key feature of constitutional delay in growth and puberty (CDGP) often seen on xray?
A delayed bone age -a person’s bones are maturing more slowly than expected.
X-rays of the hand and wrist can be assessed looking at the size,shape and growth plates.
