development Flashcards
(46 cards)
What does HDI stand for and how is it measured?
Human development indicators. It is a composite indicator calculated using 4 elements: life expectancy, education (literacy rates), average length of schooling, and GDP.
It ranges from 0 to 1, where 1 is developed.
Define development
A part of geography which looks at standard of living and quality of life.
Give 2 reasons as to why a composite indicator is a better measure of than a single economic indicator such as GDP (4)
- Measures such as GDP don’t show the distribution of wealth, what it’s spent on or who holds the money, but HDI does.
- People consider the other indicators (human, social and political) as being just as important as wealth in measuring the development of a country or region.
How does the quality of government impact development?
Countries with poor government quality have very corrupt governments.
What does free elections mean?
People can vote freely, without fear. Announced results will reflect the actual result
What does a narrow base of a pop pyramid mean?
Country is developed- low birth rate and low fertility rate means women choose to have careers and contraception is available
What does a wider top of a pop pyramid mean?
Developed country- high life expectancy due to better living standards, medical care and diet
What does a steeply sloping pop pyramid suggest?
Developing country- large death rate
What line divides the ‘wealthy north’ and ‘poor south’?
The brant line
Why is the brant line outdated?
- The world has changed a lot over the last 40 years
- There’s now emerging countries
- India and China are no longer classed as poor
What does BRICs mean?
Emerging countries. Brazil, Russia, India, China
How does the world bank rank countries?
Five equal bands ranked by total GDP. These bands are known as quintiles or fifths.
Explain 4 reasons why Malawi is developing
Landlocked, rurally isolated, climate change, increasing pollution levels
How long is the single railway that Malawi uses to trade?
800km
What does it mean that Malawi is rurally isolated?
Rural areas have poor infrastructure (roads are mainly dirt)
Rural telecommunications vary
How will climate change affect Malawi negatively?
Droughts, famine, floods
What is rostow’s development theory?
Countries would pass through 5 stages of development. The model shows how over time GDP increases.
What does Frank’s dependency theory show?
There are 2 types of country- developed (core) and developing (peripheral and semi-peripheral).
Core depends on periphery for raw materials.
Periphery depends on the core to sell its goods.
According to Frank’s dependency theory, which countries have the upper hand and why?
Developed/core because they buy cheap materials from the periphery and sell them on at a higher value
What does the Clark Fisher model demonstrate?
The changes in employment structure as countries develop their economies
According to the Clark Fisher model what are each of the following job types: primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary
primary is agriculture, secondary is factories, tertiary is service and quaternary is developing things
What are some features of top down development?
Big projects, decisions made at government level, experts plan it, expensive, locals have little say
Benefits of the Sardar Sarovar dam, India
3.5 billion litres of drinking water daily
Hydroelectric power
Irrigate land for farmers
What are some characteristics of bottom up development?
Small scale, needs of local communities are established, work completed by NGOs, cheap, locals are involved
