Development Flashcards
(40 cards)
What is development?
A measure of economic, social and technological progress within a country.
People reaching acceptable standard of living or quality of life
How can we measure Development?
GNI (gross national income) - total value of all goods and service in a country divided by number of people
HDI (human development index) - health, wealth and education
Literacy rates - % people 15years+ who can read/write
Infant mortality
Death rate
Birth rate
GDP per capita
Fertility rate
Life expectancy
Corruption Perception Index
Why is HDI a good development measure/indicator?
It uses 3 measures (GNI per capita, number of years schooling and life expectancy)
Draw a development compass rose (DCR)?
Natural - about environment e.g. what is the weather like?
Social/Culture - about people e.g. culture
Economic - about money
Political - who is making decisions, do people have a say (democracy)
What is dollar street ?
Looking at families around the world. It puts every family along a street with poorest family on the left and the richest family on the right,
It compares income e.g. Burundi, Africa $27 per month to China $10,000 per month
What is globalisation?
How countries and people are connected e.g. transport and communication helps people, goods, capital and information between countries.
What are TNCs?
Transnational Corporations - A company that operates in more than one country e.g. Apple, Toyota, Samsung
Products are often manufactured in developing countries as its cheaper
Advantages/disadvantages of TNCs?
Advantage:
Develop relationships with counties
Create jobs
Income goes up
Education and training to employees
Provide new facilities for local communities
Infrastructure of the country has been improved
Tax to the government
Disadvantage:
Pollution
Rich and Poor divide getting bigger
Poor work conditions/exploitation
Tax avoidance
GHG
TNCs use many of the country’s natural resources
How do TNCs increase globalisation?
- Link countries together / create supply chain
- Cultures
- Consumerism - different products
Investments and infrastructure e.g. in developing countries
How has Apple helped developing countries
Employment Opportunities
Supplier Investments - sustainability
Education and Skill Development
Apple supports charitable causes and projects
Define iphone supply chain ?
Design in California
Processor in South Korea
Touchscreen in US
Flash memory in US
Audio controller in US
Power mgmt - Italy
Electronics - Taiwan
Network components - Germany
Blue tooth - Japan
Assmbled - China
How do Governments help globalisation?
Investment
Infrastructure
Tax incentives
Education and research
Culture exchange programs
Movement of people encouraged
Who are the G7?
Canada
France
Germany
Italy
Japan
United Kingdom
United States
Collaborate to discuss and address global issues such as economic policies, international security, climate change, and development
Why is it important for government organisations e.g. G7 to meet ?
Solve problems
Build relationships
Provide humanitarian support
Strengthen economy
Lead on international policies
What is a EPZ?
Export-processing Zone - industrialised state to promote industrial and commercial exports.
Vietnamese case study - globalisation benefit?
Vietnam has seen rapid industrial growth:
Economically - money invested in factories
Socially - people moving to where the work is (more money)
GDP has increased
Malawi case study - not gained from globalisation?
Relies on agriculture (fluctuating demand)
Poor infrastructure
Low industrial capacity
Poverty and Education
Weak governance - unstable politics, corruption
Trade barriers
Health challenges
Why has the gap between developed and developing countries increased?
Global inequality
What does global inequality mean?
Unequal distribution of resources, wealth, opportunities, and living conditions among countries
Caused by uneven development i.e 20% of the World’s richest have 70% of the world’s wealth
Using dollar street example, how do peoples lives differ around the world? Complete a profile for 2 places.
- Malawi
In Malawi, a family living on a low income may reside in a simple rural home with basic mud-brick walls and thatched roofing. Their household might lack electricity and running water, relying on kerosene lamps for light and a hand pump or river for water. Cooking is often done on a basic wood-fired stove, and possessions are minimal—primarily functional tools, clothing, and utensils. - United States
In contrast, a high-income family in the United States may live in a spacious, well-furnished suburban house equipped with central heating, air conditioning, and all modern appliances. They may own multiple cars, high-end electronic devices, and have access to advanced healthcare and education. Leisure items, such as books, toys, and sports equipment, are abundant.
What is IGO acronym?
Inter-Governmental Organisation
What do IGOs do?
International groups made up of different countries who make international laws
What is the main purpose of IGOs?
Allow states to cooperate/ coordinate whilst retaining their sovereignty
Holds states accountable for any injustice
Name 3 IGOs
United Nations UN
World Bank
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
European Union EU
World Trade Organisation WTO (Trade)
