development Flashcards
(21 cards)
What does Piaget’s theory of cognitive development suggest?
Children progress through universal and invariant stages of cognitive development.
What is the sensori-motor stage and its age range?
The sensori-motor stage (0-2 years) involves exploring the environment using senses and developing motor movement.
Towards the end of this stage, children develop object permanence.
What characterizes the pre-operational stage?
The pre-operational stage (2-7 years) is marked by the development of language skills and mental representation of objects and events.
Children are egocentric, show animism, and lack reversibility.
What abilities develop during the concrete operational stage?
In the concrete operational stage (7-11 years), children develop the ability to decentrate and conserve, and they can understand linguistic humor but struggle with abstract thinking.
What defines the formal operational stage?
The formal operational stage (11+ years) is when children can form and test hypotheses, understand formal logic, and solve abstract problems.
What are some limitations of Piaget’s theory?
Piaget’s theory is criticized for being too reductionist and oversimplifying the universality and invariance of stages.
What was the aim of Piaget’s 1952 study on conservation of number?
To see the stage of development when children are able to conserve.
What were the findings of Piaget’s study on conservation of number?
Children in the concrete operational stage could conserve and explain why, while younger children could not.
Children at the beginning of the pre-operational stage saw more counters in a stretched row.
What are the key debates in Piaget’s theory?
Key debates include nature vs. nurture, reductionism, and the differences between field and natural experiments.
What does Dweck’s learning theory focus on?
Dweck’s learning theory focuses on mindset and how it relates to the perception of talent and its changeability.
What is a growth mindset?
A growth mindset is the belief that intelligence can be developed through effort and learning.
What is a fixed mindset?
A fixed mindset is the belief that intelligence is predetermined and that failure reflects poorly on one’s innate abilities.
How do praise and effort relate to mindset development?
Teachers and parents influence mindset development by praising effort rather than innate talent.
What are the stages of brain development?
Stages include pre-natal, childhood, adolescence, and adulthood, each with specific developmental milestones.
What is Willingham’s view on learning styles?
Willingham argues that there is no evidence for learning styles; learning occurs through meaning, not styles.
What was the aim of Blackwell et al.’s study on mindset?
To investigate the impact of growth mindset on math ability, achievement, and motivation.
What were the findings of Blackwell et al.’s study?
Students with a growth mindset showed more motivation and better math grades compared to those with a fixed mindset.
What are some limitations of Blackwell et al.’s study?
The sample was culturally biased and the study was reductionist, focusing solely on student mindset.
What is the application of Piaget’s theory in education?
Teachers should ask questions that align with children’s developmental stages to enhance learning.
How can teachers promote a growth mindset?
By setting achievable tasks and praising effort to foster a love of learning.
What is the importance of meaning in learning according to Willingham?
Meaning is crucial for learning, as most information in class is not visual or auditory but understanding-based.
