Development Flashcards
(25 cards)
Development includes which two aspects of improvement in the lives of people
Standard of living ( well-being of a person, value of their possessions, type of home they live in) and Quality of life (affected by education, health care, services, utilities, environment and social, political, and religious freedom)
What is a demographic transition
Population change
Definition of Primary economic activities
Extraction of natural resources( mining, forestry,agriculture and fishing)
Definition of Secondary economic activities
Processing of primary raw materials and the resultant manufacturing of products
Definition of Tertiary economic activities
Service industries, where tangible products are not made, however many service industries assist manufacturing.
Quaternary Economic Activities
Research and development needed to produce products from natural resources. It is concerned with providing information and expertise
Quinary Economic Activities
Highest levels of decision making in a society or economy
Characteristics of LEDC
Primary economic activity dominant, Mechanism on farms is low, Early stages of economic development, informal service sector is strong
Characteristics of Newly industrialized country (NIC)
Strong manufacturing sector, many transnationals move to NICs to take advantage of cheap labour and land
Characteristics of MEDC
Automation of manufacturing or transfer to NICs, very strong tertiary sector with large numbers employed in health, education, and tourism, growth of jobs in the knowledge economy
Economic development and what its associated with
Income levels associated with different kinds of work people do
Social development and what its associated with
Quality of life, health, literacy and housing
How is economic development determined
Gross domestic product, gross national product, purchasing power parity
How is social development determined
Physical Quality of Life index, Human Development Index, gini-coefficient
How is demographic development determined
Life Expectancy, Infant Mortality,
What factors affect development
Access to resources, energy, natural resources limitation, education and training, population growth, trade imbalances, environmental degradation
Rostow’s model for development
- Traditional stage (subsistence economy based mainly on farming)
- Preconditions for take-off ( Industries develop, there technological improvements and infrastructure grows)
- Take-off ( Manufacturing industries grow)
- Drive to maturity stage ( growth is self-sustaining, Rapid Urbanization)
- High mass consumption (Rapid expansion of tertiary industries and welfare facilities, industries shift to consumer goods)
Core-Periphery model
Application at different levels
Pull factors encourage rural immigration
Push factors force people to migrate outwards from the core
Who makes more money from trades? (LEDC or MEDC)
MEDC
Why is this
LEDC exports raw materials to MEDC
MEDC exports manufactured goods to LEDC
Raw materials have less value than manufactured materials
What is development aid?
Aid given by governments and other agencies to support the economic, environmental, social and political development of developing countries
Types of development aid
Technical, conditional and humanitarian
Definition of Technical Aid
helping people with better technology than they have
Definition of conditional aid
Given to another country but specifications have to be met
