Development and Meninges

Question 1

Neural tube forms _______.

Answer 1

CNS

Question 2

Neural tube expands ____________ from the brain.

Answer 2

anteriorly

Question 3

Peripheral nerves develop from ___________________.

Answer 3

lateral neural crest cells

Question 4

What is the name of the condition where the caudal end of the neural tube is not completely closed?

Answer 4

spina bifida

Question 5

Do sensory cells develop from the neural crest or the neural tube?

Answer 5

neural crest

Question 6

Do motor cells develop from the neural crest or the neural tube?

Answer 6

neural tube

Question 7

Which glial cells does the neural crest develop into?

Answer 7

• Schwann cells
• satellite cells

Question 8

Which glial cells does the neural tube develop into?

Answer 8

• oligodendrocytes
• astrocytes
• microglia
• ependymal cells

Question 9

What are the major parts of the nervous system during primary expansion?

Answer 9

• forebrain
• midbrain
• hindbrain
• spinal cord

Question 10

What is another name for the forebrain?

Answer 10

prosencephalon

Question 11

What is another name for the midbrain?

Answer 11

mesencephalon

Question 12

What is another name for the hindbrain?

Answer 12

rhombencephalon

Question 13

What does the forebrain differentiate into during secondary expansion of the nervous system?

Answer 13

• telencephalon
• diencephalon

Question 14

Which part of the brain has the fastest proliferation speed during secondary expansion?

Answer 14

telencephalon

Question 15

Which becomes the cerebral cortex? Diencephalon or telencephalon?

Answer 15

telencephalon –> cerebral cortex

Question 16

What does the hindbrain differentiate into during secondary expansion of the nervous system?

Answer 16

• metencephalon
• myelencephalon

Question 17

TRUE or FALSE: The midbrain does not differentiate during secondary expansion of the nervous system.

Answer 17

TRUE

Question 18

What does the rhombencephalon ultimately differentiate into in cerebral growth expansion?

Answer 18

• cerebellum (metencephalon)
• medulla oblongata (myelencephalon)

Question 19

What structure is found within the lateral fissure?

Answer 19

Insula

Question 20

Which structure(s) is/are part of the prosencephalon?

a) cerebral hemisphere
b) thalamus
c) hypothalamus
d) midbrain
e) medulla
f) pons
g) cerebellum

Answer 20

a) cerebral hemisphere
b) thalamus
c) hypothalamus

Question 21

Which structure(s) is/are part of the diencephalon?

a) cerebral hemisphere
b) thalamus
c) hypothalamus
d) midbrain
e) medulla
f) pons
g) cerebellum

Answer 21

b) thalamus
c) hypothalamus

Question 22

Which structure(s) is/are part of the mesencephalon?

a) cerebral hemisphere
b) thalamus
c) hypothalamus
d) midbrain
e) medulla
f) pons
g) cerebellum

Answer 22

d) midbrain

Question 23

Which structure(s) is/are part of the rhombencephalon?

a) cerebral hemisphere
b) thalamus
c) hypothalamus
d) midbrain
e) medulla
f) pons
g) cerebellum

Answer 23

e) medulla
f) pons
g) cerebellum

Question 24

Which structure(s) is/are part of the metencephalon?

a) cerebral hemisphere
b) thalamus
c) hypothalamus
d) midbrain
e) medulla
f) pons
g) cerebellum

Answer 24

f) pons
g) cerebellum

Question 25

Which structure(s) is/are part of the myelencephalon? a) cerebral hemisphere b) thalamus c) hypothalamus d) midbrain e) medulla f) pons g) cerebellum

Answer 25

e) medulla

Question 26

What is the function of the basal ganglia?

Answer 26

coordinate voluntary movements

Question 27

What is the function of the thalamus?

Answer 27

sensory relay

Question 28

Arrange the following from outermost to innermost: CSF, dura mater, pia mater, bone, arachnoid mater

Answer 28

1. bone 2. dura mater 3. arachnoid mater 4. CSF 5. pia mater

Question 29

Arrange the following from outermost to innermost: - skull cap (calvaria) - loose CT + Pericranium - scalp - meninges

Answer 29

1. scalp 2. loose CT + pericranium 3. skull cap (calvaria) 4. meninges

Question 30

Which artery supplies the dura mater?

Answer 30

middle meningeal artery

Question 31

What is the name of the invagination of dura mater found between the 2 hemispheres of the brain?

Answer 31

falx cerebri

Question 32

Where is CSF found in the brain?

Answer 32

subarachnoid space

Question 33

What is the difference between cranial and spinal dura mater?

Answer 33

cranial dura mater: 2 layers, attached to inner calvarial surface spinal dura mater: 1 layer, suspended in vertebral canal

Question 34

What is the difference between the cranial and spinal epidural space?

Answer 34

cranial epidural space: POTENTIAL space between periosteum and calvaria spinal epidural space: REAL space between dura and vertebral periosteum

Question 35

What is the difference between cranial and spinal arachnoid villi?

Answer 35

cranial arachnoid villi: attached to dura mater spinal arachnoid villi: attached to dura mater (i.e. they are the same...no difference)

Question 36

What is the difference between cranial and spinal pia mater?

Answer 36

cranial pia mater: attached to brain surface spinal pia mater: attached to spinal cord and denticulate ligaments

Question 37

How many cranial spinal cord segments are there?

Answer 37

C1-C8

Question 38

How many cranial vertebrae are there?

Answer 38

C1-C7

Question 39

How many thoracic spinal cord segments are there?

Answer 39

T1-T12

Question 40

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

Answer 40

T1-T12

Question 41

How many lumbar spinal cord segments are there?

Answer 41

L1-L5

Question 42

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

Answer 42

L1-L5

Question 43

How many saccral vertebrae are there?

Answer 43

S1 (5 fused vertebrae)

Question 44

What is the name of the fibrous nerve roots at the end of the spinal cord?

Answer 44

cauda equina

Question 45

Where on the spinal cord can the conus medullaris be found?

Answer 45

L1