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Geography - Topic 1 > Development Dynamics > Flashcards

Development Dynamics Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

What is development?

A

Development is a countries progress to enhance their wealth and economy which benefits society and politic problems.

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2
Q

How is development measured using economic criteria ?

A

Development is measured by economic criteria using GDP, HDI, PPP

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3
Q

How is development measured using social data?

A

Development is measured by social data using life expectancy, substinence farmers, drinking waters, literacy rate, birth rate, death rate, fertility rate and infant mortality .

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4
Q

How is development measured using political data?

A

Development is measured by political data using measures of inequality below poverty line, corruption perceptions index, Gini coefficient.

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5
Q

What is the HDI?

A

HDI = Human development index uses ppp literacy rate and life expectancy 0-1

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6
Q

What are population pyramids?

A

Population pyramids are metaphorical pyramids that allow people to determine the number of people of each sex in each age group

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7
Q

How do population pyramids vary between countries at different levels of development (developing, emerging and developed)?

A

They vary with wider parts being usually in richer countries due to the higher life expectancy. Developing a upside down T shape shows high maternal mortality, high dependency ratio, high fertility rate etc. Emerging is wider due to bad ratios of many rates etc fertility birth infant mortality

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8
Q

How do fertility, death, maternal mortality and infant mortality rates vary between countries at different levels of development?

A

They provide enough knowledge to determine a counties status as being developed or not

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9
Q

Causes of global inequality (4)

A

Tax - high tax hard to pay all the money goes to corrupt leaders
Corruption - money goes to the wrong people through the government
War - hard for supplies to reach people
Bad education - not enough people to do intelligent jobs

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10
Q

What is Rostows modernisation theory ?

A

That every country can develop but must go through the process of Development

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11
Q

Want are the limitations of it ?

A

That some countries may never develop due to antecedent condition or current conditions

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12
Q

What’s franks dependancy ratio ?

A

That the resources flow from a periphery core of poor and undeveloped states to a core of wealthy stays, enriching the latter at the expense of the former

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13
Q

What are the limitations of it?

A

The rich exploit the poor and when the raw materials are gone they’re gone.

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14
Q

What are income quintiles and how can they be used to analyse inequality?

A

They allow us to see that the worlds richest people 20% have 82.7% of the worlds wealth.

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15
Q

What’s globalisation ?

A

Globalisation is the idea the whole world is connected through ideas people and capital

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16
Q

Who’s involved in globalisation?

A

Leaders TNCs Big companies

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17
Q

How has globalisation contributed to economic growth in emerging countries?

A

It has helped economic growth in emerging countries as they utilise the pre made ideas and develop easier

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18
Q

How has globalisation contributed to global inequalities in wealth?

A

It’s helped some places get a fair prices from people in the worlds poorest places through Fairtrade. This helps the country develop

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19
Q

What are the characteristics of bottom up and top down strategies?

A

Bottom up - cheap simple local people’s ideas helps small scale

Top down - expensive , land changing , by TNCS or governments

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20
Q

NGO , IGO , TNC?

Study These Flashcards
A

NGO - non governmental organisation

IGO - Intergovernmental Organisation

TNCS - transnational company

21
Q

Example of bottom up ?

Study These Flashcards
A

SkyHydrant - filters water from the rain which can be turned into clean water for poorer people

22
Q

Example of top down ?

Study These Flashcards
A

Xayaburi dam - produces lots of energy, lots of money into development, lifts people of poverty. All money goes to government. Destroy landscape/green-spaces.

23
Q

How can fair trade help countries to develop?

Study These Flashcards
A

Fair trade allows countries that are poorer to get a fair and honest price on the goods that they produce which helps the country develop with the fair amount of money received

24
Q

How can aid help countries to develop ?

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A

Aid can help countries develop as it allows countries to use the money given to them for vital things such as disease protection or food and water. This helps a country develop as it will start to become healthy with all the aid and will start to try and bring themselves forward

25
How can debt relief help countries to develop?
Debt relief allows a country to start anew and try to develop on a clean slate without any drawbacks
26
How can remittances help countries to develop?
Remittances allows countries to have smarter people work abroad and bring back money from developed regions this allow the money in the developed world to be brought into the poorer areas.
27
Where is Indonesia located?
Indonesia is in south east Asia and is located below china and Japan and is north west of Australia
28
How is Indonesia's location significant in the world ?
Indonesia location allows for the the ships to come through their waters and then for their country to get profits from the ships coming through their Waters
29
What connections does Indonesia have with the rest of the world
Indonesia has a lot of connections with other countries with many connections being with global superpowers such as the US or china, Japan and Australia this is because their location links Asia to countries such as Australia and New Zealand.
30
What kind of political system does Indonesia have?
Democracy , unitary state, republic, presidential system
31
Is there any corruption in the government?
Indonesias government does have a history of corruption as A former president was corrupt as stealing the countries hard earned money. But at the moment the government is trying its best to get rid of corruption
32
Describe Indonesia physical geography
Shot climate good for farming and agriculture this allows for many substinence farming to take place. Also it has a few mountains in some rural parts which are good tourist attractions
33
How does Indonesia’s Geographic spread affect its ability to develop and reduce inequality?
Indonesia spread allows it to have different amounts of jobs in the country with jobs such as farming and then huge TNCs existing in the same areas. This allows many people to go across seas to different islands which allows women and men to go to the same places equally
34
Describe Indonesia’s demographics
The population of Indonesia according to the 2010 national census was 237.64 million, and it was estimated to reach 255.4 million in 2015.58% live on the island of Java, one of the world's most populous island.
35
Describe Indonesia’s employment structure
Indonesias employment structure is mainly in the secondary and some primary and tertiary jobs as the geographic regions of Indonesia is different in areas with farms and big cities .
36
Describe the significance of each of the sectors
Primary - farming , agriculture Secondary - cars , mechanical building Tertiary - services Quaternary - research
37
Describe Indonesia’s key economic and social trends
Indonesias trends are that the country has grown rapidly in the last 10 years and is expected to grow exponentially due to the geographic location and the key factors the country has.
38
What factors have contributed to rapid economic growth in Indonesia?
The geographic location The raw materials Age of population TNCs investments
39
What does Indonesia import and export?
Indonesia has generous natural resources, including crude oil, natural gas, tin, copper, and gold. Its key imports include machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels, and foodstuffs. Major exports include oil and gas, electrical appliances, plywood, rubber and textiles.
40
What factors contributed to globalisation in Indonesia?
The location The huge investments Working population Closeness to china and Australia
41
Describe the trend in FDI in Indonesia
FDI trend in Indonesia - the FDI in Indonesia has been increasing over time as the country has the correct components for being a huge success
42
What sorts of TNCs have invested in Indonesia?
Apple , Nike , JD sports, Adidas, puma , samsung ...
43
What are the benefits and drawbacks of globalisation/increasing FDI in Indonesia
More Money for development more money for workers less resources less freedom
44
How and why has rapid economic development led to changes in demographics
More education better healthcare less deaths better housing quality products better nurses and doctor more equality
45
Has Indonesia become more or less urbanised?
Indonesia more urbanised in rich central areas due to rural urban migration as there is better jobs and improved healthcare this however leads to less primary workers in poor rural areas leading to de urbanisation in those areas
46
How has rapid economic development affected different gender and age groups
Equality between genders has increased however isn't yet fully equal. This shows that Indonesia has moved on from a men predominant country to an open country. Old people are increasing due to the better healthcare and improved this causes a high dependancy rate and a ageing population
47
How has economic development affected Indonesia’s environment?
Indonesia development has positively effected their economy however in contrast it has hugely negatively effected the environment as the working conditions and the resources are in bad condition
48
What international relations does Indonesia have since it became an emerging economy?
It has become an emerging country Indonesia has increased FDI by making quality cheap products that most countries use e.g. Palm oil
49
What international disputes does it have?
The South China Sea, china some smaller islands with Australia and Papua New Guinea

Geography - Topic 1 (1 decks)

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