Development Dynamics Flashcards
(28 cards)
Birth rate
The number of births in a year per 1000 of the total population.
Death rate
The number of deaths in a year per 1000 of the total population.
De-industrialisation
The decline of a country’s traditional manufacturing industry due to exhaustion of raw materials, loss of markets and competition from NEEs.
Demographic transition model
A model showing how populations should change over time in terms of their birth rates, death rates and total population size.
Development
The progress of a country in terms of economic growth, the use of technology and human welfare.
Development gap
The difference in standards of living and wellbeing between the world’s richest and poorest countries (between HICs and LICs).
Demography
Means the population
Globalisation
The process which has created a more connected world, with increases in the movements of goods (trade) and people (migration and tourism) worldwide.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the wealth or income of a country. It is the total value of goods and services produced by a country in a year.
Human development index (HDI)
A method of measuring development in which GDP per capita, life expectancy and adult literacy are combined to give an overview. This combined measure of development uses economic and social indicators to produce an index figure that allows comparison between countries.
Industrial structure
The relative proportion of the workforce employed in different sectors of the economy (primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary).
Infant mortality
The average number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age, per 1000 live births, per year.
Intermediate technology
The simple, easily learned and maintained technology used in a range of economic activities serving local needs in LICs.
International aid
Money, goods and services given by the government of one country or a multilateral institution such as the World Bank or International Monetary Fund to help the quality of life and economy of another country.
Life expectancy
The average number of years a person is expected to live.
Literacy rate
The percentage of people who have basic reading and writing skills.
North south divide in U.K.
Economic and cultural differences between Southern England (the South-East, Greater London, the South-West and parts of the East) and Northern England (the North-East, West and Yorkshire and the Humber). There are clear differences in health conditions, house prices, earnings, and political influence.
Post industrial economy
The economy of many economically developed countries where most employment is now in service industries.
Science and business parks
Business Parks are purpose built areas of offices and warehouses, often at the edge of a city and on a main road. Science parks are often located near university sites, and high-tech industries are established. Scientific research and commercial development may be carried out in co-operation with the university.
Service industries (tertiary industries)
The economic activities that provide various services - commercial (shops and banks), professional (solicitors and dentists), social (schools and hospitals), entertainment (restaurants and cinemas) and personal (hairdressers and fitness trainers).
Trade
The buying and selling of goods and services between countries.
Transnational corporation (TNC)
A company that has operations (factories, offices, research and development, shops) in more than one country. Many TNCs are large and have well‐known brands.
Sustainable development
Development that meets the needs of the present without limiting the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Subsistence farming
A type of agriculture producing food and materials for the benefit only of the farmer and his family.
