Development Dynamics

Question 1

Birth rate

Answer 1

The number of births in a year per 1000 of the total population.

Question 2

Death rate

Answer 2

The number of deaths in a year per 1000 of the total population.

Question 3

De-industrialisation

Answer 3

The decline of a country’s traditional manufacturing industry due to exhaustion of raw materials, loss of markets and competition from NEEs.

Question 4

Demographic transition model

Answer 4

A model showing how populations should change over time in terms of their birth rates, death rates and total population size.

Question 5

Development

Answer 5

The progress of a country in terms of economic growth, the use of technology and human welfare.

Question 6

Development gap

Answer 6

The difference in standards of living and wellbeing between the world’s richest and poorest countries (between HICs and LICs).

Question 7

Demography

Answer 7

Means the population

Question 8

Globalisation

Answer 8

The process which has created a more connected world, with increases in the movements of goods (trade) and people (migration and tourism) worldwide.

Question 9

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

Answer 9

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the wealth or income of a country. It is the total value of goods and services produced by a country in a year.

Question 10

Human development index (HDI)

Answer 10

A method of measuring development in which GDP per capita, life expectancy and adult literacy are combined to give an overview. This combined measure of development uses economic and social indicators to produce an index figure that allows comparison between countries.

Question 11

Industrial structure

Answer 11

The relative proportion of the workforce employed in different sectors of the economy (primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary).

Question 12

Infant mortality

Answer 12

The average number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age, per 1000 live births, per year.

Question 13

Intermediate technology

Answer 13

The simple, easily learned and maintained technology used in a range of economic activities serving local needs in LICs.

Question 14

International aid

Answer 14

Money, goods and services given by the government of one country or a multilateral institution such as the World Bank or International Monetary Fund to help the quality of life and economy of another country.

Question 15

Life expectancy

Answer 15

The average number of years a person is expected to live.

Question 16

Literacy rate

Answer 16

The percentage of people who have basic reading and writing skills.

Question 17

North south divide in U.K.

Answer 17

Economic and cultural differences between Southern England (the South-East, Greater London, the South-West and parts of the East) and Northern England (the North-East, West and Yorkshire and the Humber). There are clear differences in health conditions, house prices, earnings, and political influence.

Question 18

Post industrial economy

Answer 18

The economy of many economically developed countries where most employment is now in service industries.

Question 19

Science and business parks

Answer 19

Business Parks are purpose built areas of offices and warehouses, often at the edge of a city and on a main road. Science parks are often located near university sites, and high-tech industries are established. Scientific research and commercial development may be carried out in co-operation with the university.

Question 20

Service industries (tertiary industries)

Answer 20

The economic activities that provide various services - commercial (shops and banks), professional (solicitors and dentists), social (schools and hospitals), entertainment (restaurants and cinemas) and personal (hairdressers and fitness trainers).

Question 21

Trade

Answer 21

The buying and selling of goods and services between countries.

Question 22

Transnational corporation (TNC)

Answer 22

A company that has operations (factories, offices, research and development, shops) in more than one country. Many TNCs are large and have well‐known brands.

Question 23

Sustainable development

Answer 23

Development that meets the needs of the present without limiting the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Question 24

Subsistence farming

Answer 24

A type of agriculture producing food and materials for the benefit only of the farmer and his family.

Question 25

Sustainability

Answer 25

Actions and forms of progress that meet the needs of the present without reducing the ability of future generations to meet their needs.

Question 26

Appropriate technology

Answer 26

(Also called Intermediate technology) Technology that is suited to the needs, skills, knowledge and wealth of local people in the environment in which they live. It usually combines simple ideas with cheap and readily available materials, especially for use in poorer countries, and is environmentally friendly.

Question 27

Low income country and high income country (LICS and HICS)

Answer 27

This subdivision of countries is based on the World Bank income classifications (GNI per capita), which in 2013 were Low Income $1045 or below, and High Income $12746 or above.

Question 28

Newly emerging countries / economies

Answer 28

Countries that have begun to experience higher rates of economic development, usually with higher levels of industrialisation. They differ from LICs in that they no longer rely primarily on agriculture, have made gains in infrastructure and industrial growth, and are experiencing increasing incomes and high levels of investment, eg Brazil, Russia, China and South Africa (the so-called BRICS countries).