Development in Early Adulthood Chapter 9

Question 1

Primary Aging

Answer 1

age-related physical changes that have a biological basis and are universally shared and inevitable

Question 2

Secondary Aging

Answer 2

age-related changes that are due to social and environmental influences, poor health habits, or disease

Question 3

Disability-Adjusted Life Years (D A L Y)

Answer 3

measure of overall disease burden

Question 4

Health-Adjusted Life Expectancy (H A L E)

Answer 4

Number of years in good health an individual is expected to live given current morbidity and mortality conditions

Question 5

Quality-Adjusted Life Years (Q A L Y)

Answer 5

measure of how many years of life are lived in good health

Question 6

Biological embedding:

Answer 6

social circumstances in the first few years of a child’s life can cause epigenetic modifications in the brain and body systems that determine the trajectory—for better or worse—of a person’s health through adulthood

Question 7

Which one has increased over the past few decades in Canada
HALE,
QALY
DALY

Answer 7

HALE: Number of years in good health an individual is expected to live given current morbidity and mortality conditions

Question 8

Which plays the biggest role in determinents of health?
Health care system
Biology and genetics
Physical environment
Socioeconomic

Answer 8

Socioeconomic

Question 9

Adults with adequate what? have a lower risk of disease, death, and depression than do adults with weaker what or less supportive relationships

Answer 9

social support

Question 10

Those who are high in self-efficacy are more likely to follow medical advice with regard to health problems

Answer 10

locus of control is important

Question 11

Optimism

Answer 11

Being more positive can have health benefits

Question 12

What was the 5th additional stage some theorists believed in called after Piaget’s formal operations stage?

Answer 12

Postformal thought: Idea of being able to take in multiple perspectives at the same time (self actualization kind of)

Question 13

Relativism:

Answer 13

the idea that some propositions cannot be adequately described as either true or false

Question 14

Dialectical thought:

Answer 14

a form of thought involving recognition and acceptance of paradox and uncertainty

Question 15

Reflective judgement:

Answer 15

the ability to identify the underlying assumptions of differing perspectives on controversial issues

Question 16

The Seattle Longitudinal Study (Warner Schaie) shows what

Answer 16

Cross-sectional comparisons support a steady drop in I Q
Longitudinal evidence suggests I Q rises in early adulthood, plateaus until age 60, and then declines

Question 17

Explain Erikson’s stage of Intimacy versus isolation:

Answer 17

Erikson’s early adulthood stage, in which an individual must find a life partner or supportive friends in order to avoid social isolation

Question 18

Explain Levinson’s life structure theory

Answer 18

Adults cycle through periods of stability and instability

An adult passes through three phases when a new life structure is required:
Novice phase: adjusting to adulthood
Mid-era phase: increase in competence
Culmination phase: successfully managing demands

Question 19

Emerging adults must address developmental tasks in five domains what are they

Answer 19

Academic
Friendship
Conduct
Work
Romantic

Question 20

List the 3 theories of mate selection

Answer 20

Evolutionary
Social role theory
Neuroscience

Question 21

Explain Evolutionary theory of mate selection

Answer 21

Parental investment theory (investment in children)
Males - physical attractiveness, youth
Women - money, stability

Question 22

Explain Neuroscience theory of mate selection

Answer 22

Parent–infant and romantic-couple bonds share much of the same neural architecture and physiology: dopamine and oxytocin
E E G scans show there is greater neuro-synchrony among couples and close friends than there is among strangers

Question 23

Explain Social role theory of mate selection

Answer 23

Adaptation to gender roles
Assortative mating (homogamy): the tendency to mate with someone who has traits similar to one’s own

Question 24

Sternbergs 3 components of love are?

Answer 24

Intimacy
Passion
Commitment

Question 25

Conflict Management

Answer 25

How a couple manages conflict is a predictor of relationship quality

Question 26

Couples with stable or enduring marriages may be:
Validating
Volatile
Avoidant
hostile/engaged

Answer 26

Validating
Volatile
Avoidant

Question 27

Couples with unsuccessful marriages may be:
Hostile/engaged
Hostile/detached
Volatile
Avoidant

Answer 27

Hostile/engaged
Hostile/detached

Question 28

Psychological effects of divorce

Answer 28

with increases in mental health problems, especially depression

Men 3 times more likely : depressed following martial breakdown
Women 2½ times more likely to become depressed following martial breakdown

Question 29

economic effects of divorce

Answer 29

Most men commonly leave a marriage with far greater earning power than women
Women usually retain custody of the children
Divorced men generally increase their economic positions to above average
Divorced women are strongly adversely affected, with an average decline in income to below average
For many women, the financial effect never disappears, unless they were above-average earners before divorce

Question 30

Three dominant attachment patterns among long-term singles

Answer 30

Avoidant
security
anxiety

Question 31

Kin-keeper:

Answer 31

a family role, usually occupied by a woman, which includes responsibility for maintaining family and friendship relationships
Women have a larger relationship role than men do

Question 32

Hollands personality types and work preferences

Answer 32

realistic:practical , scientific, methodological (vet, dentist

investigative : Observe, analyze, evalute (environmental health specialist)

artistic: inivative, intuitive, creative (public health communications specialist)

social: Enlighten, enform, train (Health educator)

enterprising: Influence, persuade, perform (policymaker)

conventional: data driven, analytical (data administrator)

Question 33

Super’s Stages of Career Development

Answer 33

Growth
exploratory
establishment/stabalization
Maintenance

Question 34

What is crystallized intelligence?

Answer 34

depends heavily on education and experience
E.g., vocabulary, ability to read, technical skills for your job

Question 35

What is fluid intelligence

Answer 35

involves more “basic” abilities that depend on the efficient functioning of the central nervous system
E.g., abstract reasoning –> declines steadily around 35 0r 40