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PEDIATRICS > DEVELOPMENT, LEARNING, AND BEHAVIORAL PROBLEMS 1.2 > Flashcards

DEVELOPMENT, LEARNING, AND BEHAVIORAL PROBLEMS 1.2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the average age at which a child can hold their head steady while sitting?

A

2 months

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2
Q

What developmental implication is associated with a child holding their head steady while sitting?

A

Allows more visual interaction

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3
Q

At what age can a child pull to sit with no head lag?

A

3 months

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4
Q

What does the ability to pull to sit with no head lag indicate?

A

Muscle tone

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5
Q

At what age do children typically bring their hands together in midline?

A

3 months

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6
Q

What does bringing hands together in midline signify?

A

Self-discovery of hands

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7
Q

When does the asymmetric tonic neck reflex disappear?

A

4 months

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8
Q

What does the disappearance of the asymmetric tonic neck reflex allow?

A

Inspection of hands in midline

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9
Q

At what age do children typically sit without support?

A

6 months

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10
Q

What developmental implication is associated with sitting without support?

A

Increasing exploration

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11
Q

At what age do children roll back to stomach?

A

6.5 months

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12
Q

What is a developmental implication of rolling back to the stomach?

A

Truncal flexion, risk of falls

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13
Q

When do children typically walk alone?

A

12 months

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14
Q

What developmental implication is associated with walking alone?

A

Exploration, control of proximity to parents

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15
Q

At what age do children typically start running?

A

16 months

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16
Q

What challenge does running pose for caregivers?

A

Supervision becomes more difficult

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17
Q

At what age do children typically grasp a rattle?

A

3.5 months

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18
Q

What is the developmental implication of grasping a rattle?

A

Object use

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19
Q

When do children typically reach for objects?

A

4 months

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20
Q

What developmental skill is indicated by reaching for objects?

A

Visuomotor coordination

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21
Q

When does the palmar grasp reflex disappear?

A

4 months

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22
Q

What ability does the disappearance of the palmar grasp reflex enable?

A

Voluntary release

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23
Q

At what age do children typically transfer objects hand to hand?

A

5.5 months

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24
Q

What developmental implication is associated with transferring objects hand to hand?

A

Comparison of objects

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25
When does a child develop a thumb-finger grasp/pincer grasp?
8-9 months
26
What developmental milestone is associated with a pincer grasp?
Exploring small objects
27
At what age do children turn pages of a book?
12 months
28
What skill is associated with turning pages of a book?
Increasing autonomy during book time
29
When do children typically scribble?
13 months
30
What skill is demonstrated by scribbling?
Visuomotor coordination
31
At what age do children typically build a tower of 2 cubes?
15 months
32
What skill is associated with building a tower of 2 cubes?
Using objects in combination
33
When do children typically build a tower of 6 cubes?
22 months
34
What skills are required to build a tower of 6 cubes?
Visual, gross, and fine motor coordination
35
When do children smile in response to a face or voice?
1.5 months
36
What does smiling in response to a face or voice indicate?
More active social participation
37
When does monosyllabic babble typically begin?
6 months
38
What does monosyllabic babble signify?
Experimentation with sound and tactile sense
39
When do children typically inhibit to 'No'?
7 months
40
What skill is demonstrated by inhibiting to 'No'?
Response to tone (non-verbal)
41
When do children follow one-step commands with a gesture?
7 months
42
What skill is demonstrated by following one-step commands with a gesture?
Nonverbal communication
43
When do children follow one-step commands without a gesture?
10 months
44
What skill is demonstrated by following one-step commands without a gesture?
Verbal receptive language
45
When do children typically say 'Mama' or 'Dada'?
10 months
46
What does saying 'Mama' or 'Dada' signify?
Expressive language development
47
When do children typically point to objects?
10 months
48
What does pointing to objects indicate?
Interactive communication
49
When do children typically say their first real word?
12 months
50
What does saying the first real word indicate?
Beginning of labeling and meaningful communication
51
When do children typically speak 4-6 words?
15 months
52
What developmental milestone is associated with speaking 4-6 words?
Acquisition of object and personal names
53
When do children typically speak 10-15 words?
18 months
54
What developmental milestone is associated with speaking 10-15 words?
Further acquisition of object and personal names
55
When do children typically start forming 2-word sentences?
19 months
56
What developmental milestone is associated with 2-word sentences?
Beginning grammaticization and a vocabulary of 50 words
57
When does object permanence typically develop?
8 months
58
What is the significance of uncovering a toy after seeing it hidden?
Object permanence
59
At what age does egocentric symbolic play, such as pretending to drink from a cup, typically occur?
12 months
60
What skill is demonstrated by egocentric symbolic play?
Beginning symbolic thought
61
At what age do children use a stick to reach a toy?
17 months
62
What developmental skill is demonstrated by using a stick to reach a toy?
Linking actions to solve problems
63
At what age does pretend play with a doll, such as giving a doll a bottle, typically occur?
17 months
64
What skill is demonstrated by pretend play with a doll?
Symbolic thought
65
What are the six domains of function in child development?
Gross motor, Fine motor, Language, Cognition, Activities of daily living, Social and emotional behavior
66
What is the first gross motor milestone achieved at 3 months?
Head control
67
At what age does a child typically sit independently?
6 months
68
At what age can a child ride a tricycle?
3 years
69
What gross motor skill is developed by 5 years of age?
Riding a bicycle
70
What is a red flag in gross motor development at 4 months?
Lack of steady head control when sitting
71
Why is persistent toe walking considered a red flag?
It may indicate neuromuscular issues or spasticity.
72
What is a fine motor milestone achieved at 3 months?
Holding an object and bringing hands to midline
73
At what age does a child develop a pincer grasp?
8-9 months
74
What fine motor skill can a 3-year-old typically perform?
Drawing a circle
75
What is a red flag for fine motor skills at 3 months?
Persistent fisting
76
Why is hand preference before 18 months a red flag?
It may indicate weakness or neurological problems on the opposite side.
77
At what age does receptive language start to develop with name recognition?
6 months
78
What is the typical expressive language milestone at 9-15 months?
First words such as 'mama' or 'papa'
79
What is the expressive language milestone for a 2-year-old?
Combining two words and 50% intelligible speech
80
What are the four P's in language development by age 4?
Pronouns, Prepositions, Plurals, Past tense
81
What is a red flag in language development at 12 months?
No babbling, no pointing, no gestures
82
At what age should a child be 100% intelligible in speech?
4 years
83
What milestone in visual development is achieved by 6-8 weeks?
Fixation and straight eye alignment
84
What is a red flag in visual development for infants?
Persistent or new squint
85
What does it mean if a child loses language skills at any age?
It may indicate language regression, a warning sign for Autism Spectrum Disorder.
86
What is the primary cause for delayed expressive language in hearing-impaired babies?
They may have normal receptive responses but lack expressive language development.
87
At what age does a child develop smooth tracking and can reach for objects?
6-9 months
88
Why is language development considered a predictor of overall intelligence?
It reflects the cognitive and adaptive abilities of a child.
89
By 2 years of age, what percentage of a child's speech should be intelligible?
0.5
90
At what age does canonical babbling typically occur?
6-10 months
91
Why is echolalia not considered true language development?
It is merely the repetition of sounds without communicative intent.
92
What is the naming period in language development?
10-18 months, when children realize names and labels
93
What is a common feature of pre-speech development at 4-5 months?
Vocal tennis—appears to mimic conversation
94
What is the typical vocabulary size for a 3-year-old?
500 words
95
Why is bilingualism not a cause for developmental language delay?
The sum of words from both languages should match that of monolingual children.
96
When is a brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) examination recommended?
When there are concerns about hearing or language development
97
Why is the 18-month visit important for developmental assessment?
It allows early detection of language or social problems like Autism Spectrum Disorder.

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