Development Of Cvs Flashcards
(29 cards)
When does the cardiovascular system begin functioning in the embryo?
Day 22 of intrauterine life (end of the third week).
What are the embryonic sources of the cardiovascular system?
Splanchnic mesoderm, paraxial/lateral mesoderm, pharyngeal mesoderm, and neural crest cells.
What is the origin of the heart?
Mesodermal, from the primitive heart tube.
What structures does the cardiogenic area lie between?
Septum transversum and prochordal plate.
What forms the primitive heart tube?
Fusion of two endothelial heart tubes derived from angioblastic cords.
What are the five subdivisions of the heart tube (cranial to caudal)?
Truncus arteriosus, bulbus cordis, primitive ventricle, primitive atrium, sinus venosus.
What are the three layers of the cardiac wall?
Endocardium, myocardium, epicardium.
What forms the atrioventricular (AV) septum?
Fusion of endocardial (AV) cushions.
What two septa form the interatrial septum?
Septum primum and septum secundum.
What are the three parts of the interventricular septum and their origins?
Muscular (ventricular floor), bulbar (bulbar ridges), membranous (bulbar ridges + AV cushions).
What are the components of Tetralogy of Fallot?
Pulmonary stenosis, overriding aorta, ventricular septal defect, right ventricular hypertrophy.
How does the aorticopulmonary septum form?
From truncal ridges derived from neural crest cells; it spirally divides truncus arteriosus.
How do AV valves develop?
From swellings of subendocardial mesenchyme in the AV canal.
What cushions form the pulmonary and aortic valves?
Anterior, posterior, right, and left endocardial cushions at the junction of truncus and conus.
What is vasculogenesis?
Vessel formation by coalescence of angioblasts into primitive vascular channels.
What is angiogenesis?
Vessel formation by sprouting and branching from existing vessels.
From where do arteries of the head and neck develop?
Aortic arch arteries.
From where do the body’s other arteries develop?
Right and left dorsal aortae.
What are the three primitive venous systems?
Vitelline veins, umbilical veins, and cardinal veins.
What is the cardiogenic area?
A region at the cranial end of the embryo where the heart begins to form.
What does the truncus arteriosus eventually become?
The ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk.
What does the bulbus cordis contribute to?
The right ventricle and outflow tracts of both ventricles.
What is the role of the sinus venosus?
It receives blood from the embryo and contributes to the smooth part of the right atrium.
What is the main cause of Tetralogy of Fallot?
Abnormal formation of the aorticopulmonary septum.
