Development of Digestive System

Question 1

Main pancreatic duct is formed by the union of the ___ part of the dorsal pancreatic duct and the ___ ventral pancreatic duct.

a. distal, entire
b. proximal, entire

Answer 1

a. distal, entire

Question 2

____ forms most of the head of the pancreas, including the uncinate process.
a. Ventral pancreatic bud
b. Dorsal pancreatic bud

Answer 2

a. Ventral pancreatic bud

Question 3

____ forms the remainder of the pancreatic head, body, tail and neck.

a. Ventral pancreatic bud
b. Dorsal pancreatic bud

Answer 3

b. Dorsal pancreatic bud

Question 4

Which of the following statements best describe annular pancreas?
S1: Results from the growth of a bifid ventral pancreatic bud around the duodenum, parts then fuse with the dorsal bud forming a pancreatic ring
S2: This anomaly can only produce complete obstruction (atresia).

a. Both
b. Neither
c. S1 only
d. S2 only

Answer 4

c. S1 only
(It produces complete obstruction / atresia or partial obstruction / stenosis of the duodenum)

Question 5

Midgut loop will protrude towards the umbilicus (physiologic herniation) happens during what week?
a. 6th week
b. 10th - 12th week
c. 4th week

Answer 5

a. 6th week

Question 6

Herniation of abdominal viscera through an enlarged umbilical ring
a. Inguinal hernia
b. Omphalocele

Answer 6

b. Omphalocele

Question 7

10th – 12th week re-enters abdomen: ___ degree rotation during reduction
a. 180
b. 90
c. 100

Answer 7

a. 180 degrees

Question 8

Meckel diverticulum (Ileal diverticulum) is the persistence of remnant of ___forming an outpouching located on the ileocecal valve on the antimesenteric border of ileum
a. Vitelline duct
b. Pancreatic duct

Answer 8

a. Vitelline duct

Question 9

___ of the hindgut also forms the internal lining of the bladder and urethra
a. Ectoderm
b. Endoderm
c. Mesoderm

Answer 9

b. Endoderm

Question 10

What is the junction that divides the anal canal into superior and inferior?
a. Pectinate line
b. Arcuate line
c. Semilunar line

Answer 10

a. Pectinate line

Question 11

What is the derivative of the inferior anal canal?
a. Hindgut, endoderm
b. Proctodeum, ectoderm
c. Mesoderm

Answer 11

b. Proctodeum, ectoderm

Question 12

Cloaca is the terminal end of the hindgut.
a. True
b. False

Answer 12

a. True

Question 13

Rectal fistula is due to the improper development of ___ septum.
a. Urorectal
b. Urogenital

Answer 13

a. Urorectal

Question 14

What are the causes of Hirschsprung Disease (Congenital Megacolon)?

a. absence of autonomic ganglion cells in
Myenteric and Meissner’s plexuses
b. Failure of neural crest cell migration during 5th – 7th week
c. A only
d. A and B

Answer 14

d. A and B

Question 15

What parts are affected in Hirschsprung’s Disease?
a. Ascending colon
b. Rectum
c. Sigmoid colon
d. B & C

Answer 15

d. B & C

Question 16

The ventral mesentery persists in the region of the
a. Stomach and duodenum
b. Colon only
c. Jejunum and ileum
d. Liver and stomach

Answer 16

d. Liver and stomach

Question 17

The primary intestinal loop rotates around the
___?
a. Inferior mesenteric artery
b. Portal vein
c. Celiac trunk
d. Superior mesenteric artery

Answer 17

d. Superior mesenteric artery

Question 18

The appendix develops from:
a. A diverticulum of the cecum
b. The foregut
c. The cloaca
d. The hindgut

Answer 18

a. A diverticulum of the cecum ✓

Question 19

The primitive gut tube develops from the
a. Ectoderm
b. Neural crest cells
c. Mesoderm
d. Endoderm

Answer 19

d. Endoderm

Question 20

The main pancreatic duct of Wirsung primarily develops from the
a. Dorsal pancreatic bud
b. Neither bud
c. Both buds
d. Ventral pancreatic bud

Answer 20

d. Ventral pancreatic bud

Question 21

Which part of the duodenum is classified as both foregut and midgut derivatives?
A. first
B. second
C. third
D. fourth

Answer 21

B. Second

Question 22

Duodenal atresia affects ___ and ___ portion of the duodenum and shows ___ ___ sign.
a. 3rd and 4th, single bubble
b. 2nd and 3rd, double bubble
b. 2nd and 3rd, single bubble

Answer 22

b. 2nd and 3rd, double bubble

Question 23

Prenatal ultrasound at 20 weeks revealed a midline mass that appeared to contain intestines and was membrane bound. What birth defect might cause this condition?
A. Gastroschisis
B. Intussuception
C. Omphalocele
D. Volvulus

Answer 23

C. Omphalocele

Question 24

In which disease is there meconium passage?
a. Rectal fistula
b. Congenital Megacolon
c. Imperforate anus

Answer 24

a. Rectal fistula

Question 25

After his birth, the newborn was placed in the hospital’s nursery room. Within 24 hours, the newborn developed abdominal distention and his vomitus contained bile. It was also noted that he had failed to pass meconium during this time. Physical examination of the newborn at birth revealed normal findings. This is most likely an example of what congenital anomaly of the digestive system? A. Biliary atresia B. Congenital megacolon C. Imperforate anus D. Rectal fistula

Answer 25

B. Congenital megacolon

Question 26

Hirschsprung’s disease results in the disturbance of intestinal motility. The site of this disruption is most likely located at what layer? A. Lamina propria B. Muscularis mucosae C. Submucosa D. Tunica muscularis

Answer 26

D. Tunica muscularis

Question 27

Hypertrophied muscularis externa that obstructs the passage of food and associated clinically with projectile vomiting after feeding are features of _____. A. Esophageal atresia B. Tracheoesophageal fistula C. Hypertrophic Pyloric stenosis D. Duodenal atresia

Answer 27

C. Hypertrophic Pyloric stenosis

Question 28

In the __ week, anomalies such as esophageal atresia (failure of recanalization) and esophageal stenosis (lumen narrowing) can happen. a. 6th week b. 8th week c. 7th week

Answer 28

b. 8th week

Question 29

In type 1 Biliary atresia, there is failure of development of which part of the biliary apparatus? A. Common hepatic duct B. Cystic duct C. Common bile duct D. All of the choices are correct.

Answer 29

C. Common bile duct

Question 30

Where is the most common location of Meckel’s diverticulum? A. Sigmoid Colon B. Ileum C. Duodenum D. Appendix

Answer 30

B. Ileum

Question 31

This subtype of biliary atresia affects the common bile duct, cystic duct, and hepatic ducts up to the porta hepatis a. Type IIb b. Type III c. Type IIa

Answer 31

b. Type III

Question 32

Cloaca is a common chamber into which some or all the digestive, urinary and reproductive tract discharge their contents. a. True b. False

Answer 32

a. True