Development Of Digestive System

Question 1

Foregut

Answer 1

Esophagus, stomach, duodenum, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

Includes the pharyngeal gut, and the remainder of the forgot that includes the esophagus, stomach, liver + pancreas

Question 2

Midgut

Answer 2

Physiological herniation

Remains temporarily connected to yolk sac via the vitelline duct. Includes duodenum, jejunum, ileum and ascending colon

Question 3

Hindgut

Answer 3

Urogenital sinus and anal opening

From the transverse colon to the cloacal membrane

Question 4

For the formation of the guy tube, the embryo undergoes 2 different ‘folding processes

Answer 4

The lateral folding and the cephalocaudal folding

At the end of these two folding processes the gut is formed as a continuous tube

Question 5

At the same time as neurulation…

Answer 5

The endoderm rolls down to form the gut tube

Question 6

Ectopia cordis

Answer 6

The heart lies outside the thorax, and there is a cleft in the thoracic wall

Results from failure of the ventral body wall to close (ventral body wall defect)

Question 7

gastroschisis

Answer 7

Intestines herniate through the abdominal wall to the right of the umbilicus

Results from failure of the ventral body wall to close (ventral body wall defect)

Question 8

Bladder exstrophy

Answer 8

Closure of the pelvic region has failed

Results from failure of the ventral body wall to close (ventral body wall defect)

Question 9

Cloacal extrophy

Answer 9

A larger closure defect in which most of the pelvic region has failed to close, leaving the bladder, part of the rectum, in the anal canal exposed

Results from failure of the ventral body wall to close (ventral body wall defect)

Question 10

Endoderm gives rise to…

Answer 10

• The epithelial lining of the digestive tract

- epithelium modifies to form secretory cells such as hepatocytes in the exocrine and endocrine cells of the pancreas

Question 11

Visceral mesoderm give rise to…

Answer 11

• The stroma for the glands

- Muscle, connective tissue, and other components of the wall of the gut

Question 12

Where are the facial bones derived from?

Answer 12

The ectoderm

Question 13

Oropharyngeal membrane

Answer 13

Separates the stomodeum from the pharynx

Question 14

The foregut is temporarily closed by an ectodermal- endodermal membrane called the…

Answer 14

Oropharyngeal membrane

Question 15

Stomoduem

Answer 15

The primitive oral cavity derived from ectoderm

Question 16

Pharynx

Answer 16

A part of the foregut, derived from endoderm

Question 17

Week 4 gut development

Answer 17

In the fourth week, the oral pharyngeal membrane ruptures, establishing an open connection between the oral cavity and the primitive gut

The stomach appears as a spindle-shaped dilation in the foregut

Question 18

Cloacal membrane

Answer 18

Seals off gut at posterior end (~7 weeks)

“The hindgut also terminates temporarily at the cloacal membrane”

Question 19

Proctodeum

Answer 19

Lower part of the anal canal

Question 20

During positional changes, the stomach rotates both around a ___________ axis and an ____________ axis

Answer 20

Longitudinal

Anteroposterior

Question 21

In relation to the rotation around the antero- posterior axis… The pyloric stomach moves _______________________
The cardiac stomach moves ______________________

Answer 21

The pyloric stomach moves to the right going upwards

The cardiac stomach moves to the left going slightly downwards

Question 22

Greater omentum

Answer 22

Bag like structure created when the stomach undergoes rotation along the anteroposterior axis