Development of the male & female reproductive tracts and genitalia

Question 1

The gonadal ridge is formed by which tissue?

Answer 1

Intermediate mesoderm

Question 2

What migrates into the gonadal ridge?

Answer 2

Primordial germ cells

Question 3

What is cryptorchidism?

Answer 3

Undescended testicle

Question 4

What is the female equivalent to the processus vaginalis?

Answer 4

Canal of Nuck

Question 5

What is the female equivalent to the scrotum?

Answer 5

Labia majora

Question 6

The female gubernaculum becomes which 2 structures?

Answer 6

Ovarian ligament
Round ligament of the uterus

Question 7

What are the attachment points of the ovarian ligament?

Answer 7

Ovary + uterine wall

Question 8

What are the attachment points of the round ligament of the uterus?

Answer 8

Uterine wall + labia majora

Question 9

Which ducts develop into the male internal reproductive tract?

Answer 9

Mesonephric (Wolffian) duct

Question 10

Which ducts develop into the female internal reproductive tract?

Answer 10

Paramesonephric (Mullerian) duct

Question 11

What causes mesonephric ducts to regress in females?

Answer 11

Absence of testosterone

Question 12

Which 4 internal structures develop from the mesonephric duct?

Answer 12

Seminal vesicle
Ejaculatory duct
Epididymis
Ductus deferens

Question 13

Which 3 internal structures develop from the paramesonephric ducts?

Answer 13

Fallopian tubes
Uterus
Proximal vagina (upper 2/3rds)

Question 14

What causes the paramesonephric ducts to regress in males?

Answer 14

Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH)

Question 15

Which cells secrete anti-mullerian hormone?

Answer 15

Sertoli cells

Question 16

What is the Hydatid of Morgagni?

Answer 16

A remnant of the paramesonephric duct on the top of the testicle (normal structure, can be seen on scans)

Question 17

What are Gartner duct cysts?

Answer 17

Remnants of the mesonephric duct

Question 18

What is the broad ligament?

Answer 18

Double layer of peritoneum which surrounds the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries

Question 19

What divides the cloaca during development?

Answer 19

Urorectal septum

Question 20

The vagina develops from which 2 structures?

Answer 20

Paramesonephric duct
Sinovaginal bulb of urogenital sinus

Question 21

What does the genital tubercle become in males?

Answer 21

Penis glans + erectile tissue

Question 22

What does the genital tubercle become in females?

Answer 22

Clitoris + erectile tissue

Question 23

What does the urogenital fold become in males?

Answer 23

Spongy urethra

Question 24

What does the urogenital fold become in females?

Answer 24

Labia minora

Question 25

Which condition can cause an enlarged clitoris?

Answer 25

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Question 26

What is hypospadias?

Answer 26

Male urethra opens on the ventral (underside) surface of the penis