Development of the Nervous System

Question 1

Process whereby the neural plate forms the neural tube

Answer 1

Neurulation

Question 2

Lengthening of the neural plate and body axis by the phenomenon of ___________, whereby there is a lateral to medial movement of cells in the plane of ectoderm and mesoderm.

Answer 2

Convergent extension

Question 3

During the _____ week of development, the ectoderm on the dorsal surface of the embryo between the primitive knot and the buccopharyngeal membrane becomes thickened to form the neural plate

Answer 3

Third

Question 4

The neural folds continue to elevate, approach each other in the midline and finally fuse, forming the _____.

Answer 4

Neural tube

Question 5

Neural fold fusion begins in the _____ region (___ somite) and proceeds in cephalic and caudal directions.

Answer 5

Cervical

5th

Question 6

The cavity of the neural tube remains in communication with the amniotic cavity through the ___________

Answer 6

Anterior and posterior neuropores

Question 7

The Anterior (Cranial) Neuropore closes at the ____-somite stage (____ day)

Answer 7

18 to 20 somite stage

25th day of gestation

Question 8

Posterior (Caudal) Neuropore closes at ____-somite stage (_____ day)

Answer 8

25 somite stage

28th day of gestation

Question 9

Three primary brain vesicles of the cephalic end of the neural tube

Answer 9

Prosencephalon
Mesencephalon
Rhombencephalon

Question 10

Neural flexure at the junction of the rhombencephalon/hindbrain and spinal cord

Answer 10

Cervical flexure

Question 11

Neural flexure at the midbrain region

Answer 11

Cephalic (Mesencephalic) flexure

Question 12

By ___ week of development, the primary vesicles divide into the secondary vesicles

Answer 12

5th

Question 13

The development of the optic vesicles come from which secondary vesicle?

Answer 13

Diencephalon

Question 14

During the invagination of the neural plate to form the neural groove, the cells forming the _____ margin of the plate form a strip of ectodermal cells that lie between the neural tube and the covering ectoderm

Answer 14

Lateral

Question 15

The strip of ectoderm that migrates ventrolaterally on each side around the neural tube and differentiates into the cells of the posterior root ganglia, the sensory
ganglia of the cranial nerves, autonomic ganglia, the cells of the suprarenal medulla, and the melanocytes.

Answer 15

Neural crest

Question 16

Excessive numbers of neurons and neuroglial cells
are developed, and many (nearly half of the developing neurons) will be programmed to die by a process known as ___________.

Answer 16

Programmed cell death

Question 17

The lateral edges of the neural plate soon elevate to form ________

Answer 17

Neural folds

Question 18

The prosencephalon gives rise to which secondary brain vesicle/s

Answer 18

Telencephalon and Diencephalon

Question 19

In the developing spinal cord, the wall of a recently closed neural tube consists of _______ cells

Answer 19

Neuroepithelial cells

Question 20

Type of epithelium formed in the walls of the neural tube

Answer 20

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Question 21

What do you call the primitive nerve cells that develop once the neural tube closes?

Answer 21

Neuroblast

Question 22

What do you call the layer that surrounds the neuroepithelium in the developing spinal cord, and what cells form this layer?

Answer 22

It’s the mantle layer formed by the neuroblast

Question 23

The layer surrounding the neuroepithelium forms which part of the mature spinal cord?

Answer 23

Grey matter

Question 24

What do you call the outermost layer of the developing spinal cord containing nerve fibers from the neuroblast?

Answer 24

Marginal layer

Question 25

As a result of myelination, the outermost layer of the developing spinal cord forms which part of the mature spinal cord?

Answer 25

White matter

Question 26

As a result of myelination, the outermost layer of the developing spinal cord forms which part of the mature spinal cord?

Answer 26

White matter

Question 27

What do you call the ventral thickening of the developing spinal cord?

Answer 27

Basal plate

Question 28

The ventral thickening of the developing SC forms which areas of the mature spinal cord?

Answer 28

It forms the motor areas of the spinal cord or the anterior gray horn

Question 29

The ventral thickening of the developing SC forms which areas of the mature spinal cord?

Answer 29

It forms the motor areas or the anterior gray horn

Question 30

What do you call the dorsal thickening of the developing spinal cord?

Answer 30

Alar plates

Question 31

The dorsal thickening of the developing SC forms which areas of the mature spinal cord?

Answer 31

It forms the sensory areas or the posterior gray horn

Question 32

In addition to the ventral motor horn and the dorsal sensory horn, a group of neurons accumulates between the two areas and forms a small _____

Answer 32

Intermediate horn

Question 33

This horn of the Spinal cord contains the sympathetic portion of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 33

Intermediate horn

Question 34

The horn that forms the sympathetic portion of the autonomic nervous system can only be found in which segments of the spinal cord?

Answer 34

``` Thoracic (T1-T12) and Upper Lumbar (L1-L2/L3) ```

Question 35

Before the cytoplasmic processes appears, the neuroblast, formed by the neuroepithelial cells, start as a/an _______ neuroblast

Answer 35

Apolar

Question 36

The processes at one end of the bipolar neuroblast elongates rapidly to form the _______

Answer 36

Primitive axon

Question 37

The processes on one end of the neuroblast shows a number of arborizations forming the ________

Answer 37

Primitive dendrites

Question 38

These are primitive supporting cells formed by the neuroepithelial cells after stopping the production of neuroblasts

Answer 38

Gliablast

Question 39

The gliablast differentiate in to which type of cells once it migrates to the mantle layer?

Answer 39

Protoplasmic and Fibrous Astrocytes

Question 40

Which cells, derived from the gliablast, form the myelin sheath around the axons in the marginal layer?

Answer 40

Oligodendrocytes

Question 41

These cells, derived from macrophages of the mesenchyme, migrate into the nervous system during fetal life

Answer 41

Microglia

Question 42

When neuroepithelial cells cease to produce neuroblasts and gliablasts, they differentiate into ________ cells lining the central canal of the spinal cord.

Answer 42

Ependymal cells

Question 43

These are group of cells, appearing along each ends of the neural folds, extend throughout the length of the neural tube

Answer 43

Neural crest cells

Question 44

These cells migrate laterally and give rise to the dorsal root ganglia

Answer 44

Neural crest cells

Question 45

The Neural crest differentiate into which cells/structures?

Answer 45

``` (Don't Say She Promised Open Marital Partnership) DRG Sympathetic Neuroblast Schwann cells Pigment Cells Odontoblasts Meninges Mesenchyme of the pharyngeal arches ```

Question 46

In the development of spinal nerves, motor nerve fibers begin to appear in the _____ week

Answer 46

4th

Question 47

The motor nerve fibers arising from the nerve cells of the basal plates of the spinal cord collect into bundles known as ________

Answer 47

Ventral Nerve Roots

Question 48

These are collection of nerve fibers originating in the dorsal root ganglia

Answer 48

Dorsal nerve roots

Question 49

The distal processes of the dorsal nerve roots join the ventral nerve roots to form the _______

Answer 49

Spinal nerve

Question 50

The dorsal rami from the spinal nerve innervates which structures?

Answer 50

Dorsal axial musculature, Vertebral joints, Skin of the back

Question 50

The dorsal rami from the spinal nerve innervates which structures?

Answer 50

Dorsal axial musculature, Vertebral joints, Skin of the back

Question 51

The ventral rami of the spinal nerve innervate which structures?

Answer 51

Limbs and Ventral body wall

Question 52

This division of the spinal nerves form the major nerve plexuses

Answer 52

Ventral Rami