Development of the urinary system

Question 1

The _____ is an outgrowth of the hindgut.

Answer 1

Allantois

Question 2

The ____ divides the root of gut to become the _____ and _____.

Answer 2

urogenital septum
hindgut
bladder

Question 3

Name the three divisions of the mesoderm are:

Answer 3

Paraxial mesoderm, intermediate mesoderm, lateral plate mesoderm

Question 4

The ____ forms most of the urinary system.

Answer 4

Intermediate mesoderm

Question 5

Lateral plate mesoderm is made up of ____ and ____

Answer 5

Somatic mesoderm, visceral and splanchnic mesoderm

Question 6

Intermediate mesoderm forms which three parts of the urogenital system?

Answer 6

Nephros (kidney precursors), urinary ducts, sex cords of the gonads

Question 7

What was the evolutionary precursor to the renal system?

Answer 7

Flame cells

Question 8

Flame cells propelled ____ down into the coelomic cavity

Answer 8

Excretory products

Question 9

What are the three precursors to the kidney?

Answer 9

Pronephros, mesonephros, metanephros

Question 10

Put these kidney precursors in order:

mesonephros, pronephros, metanephros

Answer 10

Pronephros, mesonephros, metanephros

Question 11

As the different precursors of the renal system develop, the predecessors ____

Answer 11

Regress

Question 12

What does the mesonephros become?

Answer 12

Gonads

Question 13

What do the mesonephric ducts become?

Answer 13

Part of the gonads and the adrenal cortex

Question 14

What does the metanephros become?

Answer 14

Definitive kidney in mammals, reptiles and birds

Question 15

What do the metanephric ducts become?

Answer 15

Ureters, pelvis of kidney and collecting ducts

Question 16

The kidney precursors are all ____ and are ____ in structure and blood supply

Answer 16

Paired

Segmental

Question 17

The more advanced the animal, the more ____ the kidneys

Answer 17

Caudal

Question 18

The blood supply to the metanephros comes from the ____

Answer 18

Dorsal aorta

Question 19

____ stimulates the formation of nephric tubules

Answer 19

Blood flow

Question 20

Nephric tubules are formed from ____

Answer 20

Intermediate mesoderm

Question 21

Intermediate mesoderm projects into the coelomic cavity to form bilateral ____ in the thoracic/lumbar region

Answer 21

Urogential ridges`

Question 22

Nephric tubules are ____ within the pronephros and mesonephros

Answer 22

Segmental

Question 23

The urinary ducts form as holes within the ____ that join together to form a complete tube

Answer 23

Mesoderm

Question 24

Urinary ducts drain the ____ as the paired pronephric/mesnephric ducts

Answer 24

Nephric tubules

Question 25

In fish and amphibians, the ____ replaces the ____

Answer 25

Metanephros | Pronephros

Question 26

The mesonephros has both ____ and ____ elements in fish and amphibians. The caudal regions tends to be the true ____, and the and the cranial region tends to be the ____ region with some adrenal cortex

Answer 26

Reproductive Excretory Kidney Gonad region

Question 27

Fish and amphibians have no ____

Answer 27

Metanephros

Question 28

In reptiles, birds and mammals, the ____ completely atrophies.

Answer 28

Pronephros

Question 29

The ____ regresses to form the gonads and adrenal cortex in mammals, birds and reptiles.

Answer 29

Mesonephros

Question 30

The ____ becomes the functional kidney in mammals, birds and reptiles.

Answer 30

Metanephros

Question 31

The mesonephros remains the largest in ____ embryos.

Answer 31

Pig

Question 32

The metanephros develops from paired outgrowths of the _____ ducts.

Answer 32

Mesonephric

Question 33

The metonephric ducts are also known as _____

Answer 33

Ureteric buds

Question 34

The ____ is a distinct region, whereas the pronephros an mesonephros are joined, so are not distinct regions.

Answer 34

Metanephros

Question 35

The metanephros is a seperate region of _____ that the metanephric ducts grow out to meet.

Answer 35

Mesoderm

Question 36

What structure takes over from the mesonephros in mammals, reptiles and birds?

Answer 36

Metanephros

Question 37

The invasion of the ureteric ducts, or _____ stimulates the formation of nephrons.

Answer 37

Metonephric ducts

Question 38

In the kidneys, the mesoderm forms:

Answer 38

Bowman's capsules, PCT, LOH and DCT

Question 39

In the kidneys, the ureteric ducts form:

Answer 39

Collecting ducts, renal pelvis, ureter

Question 40

The invasion of the ureteric ducts stimulates the mesoderm to form the ____, _____, and _____

Answer 40

Bowman's capsules, renal tubules and loops of Henle

Question 41

What is the trigone of the bladder?

Answer 41

An area of mesoderm left by the migrating mesonephric ducts as the move caudally and ventrally to become the ductus deferens. It is made up of the two ureters and the neck of the bladder.

Question 42

What is the embryological origin of the trigone of the bladder formed from, and what is the embryological origin of the bladder proper?

Answer 42

Trigone: mesoderm Bladder: endoderm

Question 43

The mesonephric tubules and duct will gradually become the _____

Answer 43

Gonads

Question 44

The _____ _____that generate the ova/sperm migrate from elsewhere to the gonads

Answer 44

Stem cells

Question 45

The seminiferous tubules of the testis come from the _____ _____

Answer 45

Renal tubules

Question 46

The ducts of the embryonic kidney will become the _____ _____ in the male

Answer 46

Ductus deferens

Question 47

In males, the _____ _____ regresses

Answer 47

Paramesonephric duct

Question 48

In females, the _____ and _____ regress.

Answer 48

Tubules, ducts

Question 49

In females, the _____ _____ becomes the ovarian ducts and uterus

Answer 49

Paramesonephric duct

Question 50

In both sexes, gonad supporting mesodermal cells arise from the regressing _____

Answer 50

Mesonephros

Question 51

The adrenal glands are a from two different endocrine organs. The adrenal cortex originates from the regressing _____ _____, while the adrenal medulla is derived from the _____ _____ _____ that migrate to the centre of the adrenal cortex

Answer 51

Mesonephric tubules | Neural crest cells

Question 52

What is an ectopic ureter?

Answer 52

One or both of the ureters enters the urethra/vagina downstream of the bladder sphincter.