Development: Pharyngeal Apparatus and Larynx

Question 1

pharyngeal apparatus is also known as

Answer 1

branchial apparatus

Question 2

most congenital anomalies result from what

Answer 2

failed apoptosis

Question 3

this is where the arterial trunk from the heart comes from

Answer 3

truncus arteriosus

Question 4

develop of the head and neck begin around what week of gestation

Answer 4

4th week

Question 5

what germ layers make up pharyngeal arch

Answer 5

core of mesenchyme
covered externally by ectoderm
covered internally by endoderm

Question 6

where is most of the mesenchyme derived from during the 4th week

Answer 6

neural crest cells

Question 7

where do skeletal muscle and vascular endothelia come from

Answer 7

mesoderm of pharyngeal arch

Question 8

what does each arch contain (4 things)

Answer 8

aortic arch
cartilaginous rod
muscle
cranial nerve

Question 9

1st pharyngeal arch is also known as

Answer 9

T Arch

Question 10

what 2 prominences does the mandibular arch give rise to

Answer 10

mandibular
maxillary

Question 11

1st pharyngeal arch cartilage called

Answer 11

Meckel’s cartilage

Question 12

dorsal end of 1st arch cartilage ossifies to form

Answer 12

malleus and incus

Question 13

ventral part of 1st arch cartilage forms

Answer 13

primordium of mandible

Question 14

1st pharyngeal arch muscles

Answer 14

ALL the T’s:
masTication muscles
(Temporalis, masseTer, pTerygoids)

Tensor Tympani
Tensor Veli Palatini

Mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric

Question 15

1st pharyngeal arch cranial nerve

Answer 15

CN V (Trigeminal)

Question 16

2nd pharyngeal arch is also known as

Answer 16

S Arch
Hyoid Arch

Question 17

2nd pharyngeal arch cartilage

Answer 17

Reichert’s cartilage

Question 18

dorsal end of 2nd arch forms what

Answer 18

stapes and styloid process

Question 19

2nd pharyngeal arch muscles

Answer 19

muscles of facial expreSSion

Stapedius

Stylohyoid and posterior belly of digastric

Question 20

2nd pharyngeal arch cranial nerve

Answer 20

CN VII

Question 21

3rd pharyngeal arch cartilage ventral part forms

Answer 21

superior cornu of thyroid cartilage
greater cornu of hyoid

Question 22

3rd pharyngeal arch muscles

Answer 22

stylopharyngeus

Question 23

3rd pharyngeal arch nerve

Answer 23

CN IX

Question 24

4th and 6th pharyngeal arch cartilages fuse to form

Answer 24

laryngeal cartilages (NOT epiglottis)

Question 25

4th pharyngeal arch muscles

Answer 25

cricothyroid all muscles of soft palate (except tensor veli palatini (1st arch)) all muscles of pharynx (except stylopharngeus (3rd arch))

Question 26

6th pharyngeal arch muscles

Answer 26

intrinsic muscles of larynx (except cricothyroid (4th arch))

Question 27

nerve to 4th and 6th arches

Answer 27

CN X

Question 28

2 branches of vagus nerve that supplies 4th arch

Answer 28

superior laryngeal n and pharyngeal branches (top)

Question 29

branch of vagus nerve that supplies 6th arch

Answer 29

recurrent laryngeal n

Question 30

1st pharyngeal pouch

Answer 30

tubotympanic recess (in the ear)

Question 31

2nd pharyngeal pouch

Answer 31

ultimately forms into palatine tonsils

Question 32

3rd pharyngeal pouch (dorsal and ventral parts)

Answer 32

dorsal- parathyroid glands ventral- thymus

Question 33

4th pharyngeal pouch (dorsal and ventral)

Answer 33

dorsal- superior [parathyroid glands] ventral- postbranchial body (ultimobranchial body)

Question 34

what pouch gives rise to C-cells that produce calcitonin

Answer 34

4th

Question 35

anomalies are due to what

Answer 35

abnormal migration failed apoptosis

Question 36

1st pharyngeal groove/cleft becomes

Answer 36

external acoustic meatus

Question 37

1st pharyngeal membrane becomes

Answer 37

tympanic membrane

Question 38

1st endocrine gland to develop

Answer 38

thyroid gland

Question 39

thyroid gland is initially connected to what

Answer 39

foramen cecum by thryoglossal duct

Question 40

what week is the thryoid gland functioning

Answer 40

11th

Question 41

most common metabolic disorder in neonates and particularly in 3rd world countries

Answer 41

congenital hypothyroidism (cretinism)

Question 42

which cyst is midline

Answer 42

thryoglossal duct cyst

Question 43

which cyst is lateral

Answer 43

branchial cyst

Question 44

what do you check for when sticking tongue out

Answer 44

thyroglossal duct cyst (see if it moves up or down)

Question 45

cyst that is anterior to sternocleidomastoid

Answer 45

branchial cyst

Question 46

cyst that is anterior to thyroid cartilage

Answer 46

thyroglossal duct cyst

Question 47

special sensory to anterior 2/3rds of tongue

Answer 47

CN VII

Question 48

general sensory to anterior 2/3rds of tongue

Answer 48

lingual n. (CN V3)

Question 49

sensory to posterior 1/3 of tongue

Answer 49

CN IX

Question 50

hypopharyngeal eminence develops into

Answer 50

epiglottis

Question 51

what migrates to tongue and brings what nerve with it

Answer 51

myotomes; CN XII

Question 52

remnants of thyroglossal duct

Answer 52

lingual cyst

Question 53

macroglossia

Answer 53

large tongue

Question 54

microglossia

Answer 54

small tongue

Question 55

ankyloglossia

Answer 55

short lingual frenulum (tongue-tie)

Question 56

this syndrome happens because individual doesn't get enough neural crest cell migration in 1st arch

Answer 56

Treacher Collins Syndrome (TCS)

Question 57

underdeveloped zygomatic bones downslanting palpebral fissure defects in lower eye lids deformed external ears (looks like the whole face is slanted down)

Answer 57

Treacher Collins Syndrome (TCS)

Question 58

this syndrome has insufficient mandible development and doesn't pull tongue forward leads to respiratory issues

Answer 58

Pierre Robin Syndrome

Question 59

caused by microdeletion of q11.2 of chromosome 22 and 3rd and 4th pouch don't develop square face

Answer 59

chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome

Question 60

chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is also known as

Answer 60

DiGeorge syndrome