Development PSY Flashcards
What is developmental psychology
Developmental psychology is the study of how people change and how they stay the same across their life.
Why study developmental psychology
To understand human nature
To enrich human life
To shape social policy
. Enduring themes of developmental psychology
) Nature & Nurture ) Continuity & Discontinuity ) Mechanisms of Change ) Universality & Context Specificity ) Individual Differences ) Research & Children's welfare ) The Active Child
Continuity & Discontinuity
Four type of change 1. Continuity = stability e.g., A person’s name 2. Discontinuity = change e.g., A person’s title Miss.. MS.. Dr.. 3. Continuous change = quantitative, reversible e.g., height, capacity for memory 4. Discontinuous change = qualitative, irreversible e.g., Puberty, ToM, learning
Mechanisms for change
- Pre-complentation
- complentation
- preperation
- action
- maintaince
- relapse
Universality & context specificity
To what extent is development:
• Universal across contexts & cultures
• Exclusive to specific contexts & cultures
Individual differences
. How do children with a shared background become different from each other
Research & children’s welfare
How can research promote children’s welfare?
How can we protect infants’ & young people’s welfare in research?
How can researchers conduct meaningful research with infants & young people?
Nature & nurture
How do nature and nurture together shape development
The active child
How do children shape their own
development
Defining Wellbeing
Wellbeing is a multidimensional concept that shapes and is shaped by developmental pathways;
… wellbeing can be measured in a variety of ways
Wellbeing at University
Research is only starting to find the factors that contribute to university student wellbeing;
… evidence suggests both academic and non-academic experiences matter.
such as: Academic experiences, social experience, emotional experience, non-academic
Wellbeing and emotion regulation
- ER is The monitoring, modifying, and modulating of emotional experiences and expressions
-A person uses ER to achieve their personal & social goals
-Adolescents, young adults, and mid-adults use different strategies for regulating their emotions;
… their emotion regulation strategies affected their wellbeing in different ways.
Why Does Student Wellbeing Matter?
-prevent burnout, ready them for future
differents way of measuring Wellbeing
WEMWBS 3 • Wellbeing in first world country
Indigenous Social & Emotional Wellbeing Framework
Self-Determination Theory
PERMA: Positive emotion, Engagement or flow, Relationships, Meaning
= Multidimensional
Ryff’s Psychological Wellbeing Scale (extremely long)
Defining Wellbeing:
Self-Determination Theory
• Tendency for mastery & growth are innate but not automatic
• Social environments support & constrain capacity for growth / wellbeing
Two SDT theories:
• Growth / wellbeing = a person’s autonomy, relatedness, & competence
• Growth / wellbeing = intrinsic motivation
General Intelligence
A person possesses a certain amount of general intelligence (g), that influences their ability on all intellectual tasks.
What is Intelligence?
The capacity to learn from experience and adapt to one’s environment. • Attention • Memory • Analysis • Planning • Persistence • Emotional control • Social awareness • Inhibition
Multiple Theories of
Intelligence
Intelligence can be measured as:
- One dimension
- 2 dimesion
- few dimension
- multiple dimension
Intelligence as
One Dimension: MA
Binet and Simon devised a test to measure intellectual development in children.
The average age at which children achieve a given score on Binet and Simon’s test.
• The Mean score for large samples of children of the same age (aged 5, or 6, or 7, etc.)
• A typically developing child should be able to answer questions typical for their chronological age
• An intellectually impaired child should answer fewer questions than typical for their chronological age
Assumes that developmental trajectory of intelligence can be changed
4 Assumptions
Assumed all children progressively get smarter & learn at the same speed
Assumed children of different age group require different amount of support.
Assumed children falling behind will never be able to catch up with highly progressive children but might still improve
Assumed the developmental trajectory of intelligence can be changed
ntelligence as
One Dimension: IQ
IQ= mental age/ actual age X 100
Intelligence as Two Dimensions
Raymond Cattell proposed two dimensions of
intelligence:
-Crystalized intelegent (general knowledge, fact)
-Fluid intelegent (adaptability)
-Crystalized intelligence increases over the lifespan, fluid intelligence decreases
Howard gardner few dimesion theory
-Different intelegent know as domain
Linguistic, Interpersonal, Spatial, Kinesthetic, Musical, logic/mathematical, and Intrapersonal
-must have a distinct cognitive process
-need a brain structture
-benefit in evolutionary process
-verify as an impairmaent when the brain area is damage
-must have a real life example
Howard gardner few dimesion theory problem
- does not allow development
- vunerable to puesdoscience
- his supporting claim is also his downfall: people with same IQ have diffent domain score and vice versa
