Development Theory Flashcards
(10 cards)
Who came up with the modernisation theory?
Rostow (1960).
What is the modernisation theory based on?
The historical development of the UK and USA.
What does the modernisation theory say?
Assumes that if enough investment is made in a developing country, industrialisation will occur, giving good returns on the original investment.
It explains why some people support TNC investment in developing countries; it should, provide the stimulus for ‘take-off’.
What are the critisms of modernisation theory?
Assumed all countries follow the same path to development even though the economic conditions for the UK and the USA’s development were different.
Who developed the dependency theory?
Frank (1971) - he described ‘development of underdevelopment’.
What is dependency theory?
TNC investment in developing countries led to the exploitation of workers (low pay), the manipulation of global trade and environmental damage, keeping a periphery of developing countries dependent on the core of developed countries.
What are the criticisms of dependency theory?
Does not explain how some developing countries have grown rapidly while others have not; it does not deal easily with changing patterns of power.
Who developed World Systems Theory?
Wallerstein (1976).
What is World Systems Theory?
It factors in change over time, and accepts a more complex system than a single path to development or a core/periphery divide.
It recognises the importance of the global economy, which has long-term cycles of booms and recessions. Both create opportunities for counties to move from the periphery to the core/other way around - over long periods of time.
What is a criticism of World Systems Theory?
It describes rather than explains it.
