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developmental abnormalities Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the mildest form of a cleft?

A

Bifid uvula

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2
Q

Define what a syndrome is

A

Multiple things that occur in a patient

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3
Q

Name syndromes associated with macroglossia

A

Down syndrome, cretinism, neurofibromatosis

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4
Q

Name the acquired ways a macroglossia is created

A

Edentulism, amyloidosis (seen in pts with mutiple myeloma secondary amyloidosis)

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5
Q

what is a crenation

A

Indentation on lateral surfaces of the tongue due to large tongue.

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6
Q

When will lingual thyroid be present?

A

When something stops the migration of the thyroid- its only a lingual thyroid if whole thyroid is at base of tongue and not just fragments.

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7
Q

Should you excise lingual thyroid tissue?

A

No, it could be the patient’s only thyroid tissue!

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8
Q

give a reason for ankyloglossia

A

Tongue tie due to lingual frenum.

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9
Q

True/False, there is a connection between fissured tongue and geographic tongue?

A

TRUE!

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10
Q

What gene is associated with hereditary gingival hyperplasia?

A

SARS gene

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11
Q

T/F, you cannot give a gingiivectomy until the teeth erupt

A

TRUE

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12
Q

Gingival cyst of infants come from?

A

cell rests of serres

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13
Q

Gingival cyst of adults are soft or hard tissue masses?

A

soft tissue

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14
Q

eruption cyst is also known as?

A

eruption haematoma

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15
Q

Common area of eruption cyst?

A

central incisors!

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16
Q

How to treat an eruption cyst?

A

Give anaesthesia and do a small incision and tooth will erupt after incision.

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17
Q

What causes the blue colour seen in an eruption cyst?

A

haemorrhage into the cyst

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18
Q

Fordyce granules are also known as?

A

Ectopic sebaceous glands

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19
Q

Fordyce granules often seen on the?

A

buccal mucosa and lips

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20
Q

Must you biopsy hecks disease?

A

Nope, its a clinical dianosis.

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21
Q

How do you diagnose leukodema?

A

stretch the mucosa and it will dissapear therefore its leukodema

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22
Q

white sponge nevus is a what type of condition?

A

Hereditary

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23
Q

explain what a complete Cleft lip is.

A

complete CL extends up into the nostril but incomplete CL does not involve the nose.

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24
Q

cleft lip is failure of fusion between?

A

mesial nasal process and mx process

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25
cleft palate is failure of fusion of?
palatal shelves
26
lateral facial ccleft is lack fusion between?
mx and md process
27
T/F a complete cleft lip involves floor of nostril
TRUE
28
how to manage a cleft patient?
1. Referral to orthodontist, plastic surgeon, maxfac, paediatrician, ENT, prosthodontist, speech therapist. 2. Multiple childhood surgery 3. Bone graft if needed later 4. Genetic councelling
29
name 3 congenital causes of macroglossia:
1. Vascular malformations 2. Down syndrome 3. Cretinism
30
Name 3 acquired causes of macroglossia:
1. Amyloidosis 2. Acromegaly 3. Tumour 4. Angiodema
31
name some clinical features of macroglossia
1. difficulty speaking 2. drooling 3. crenations lateral of tongue 4. open bite
32
How would you manage a macroglossia patient?
1. Depends on underlying cause 2. No treatment in mild cases 3. Syndrome cases reduction glossectomy, orthognathics 4. tumour infiltration- excise tumour and radiotherapy 5. speech therapy
33
Patient management of microglossia
1. Depend on severity 2. surgery 3. orthodontics 4. speech therapy
34
Management of fissure tongue patients:
Grooves should be brushed/cleaned properly to remove all debris and food. Oral hygiene very important.
35
Why do we not biopsy the lingual thyroid?
1. Haemorrhage risk | 2. mass represent only thyroid tissue of the patient
36
Where does thyroid start developing?
Starts to develop where ant 2/3 merge with the post 1/3 tongue at opening called foramen cecum. It decends from foramen caecum
37
what 3 symptoms do patients with lingual thyroid present with?
dysphagia, dysphonia, dyspnoea
38
If to confirm if it is a lingual thyroid then which biopsy would you do?
Incisional biopsy
39
How would you manage a patient with lingual thyroid?
1. No treatment if small 2. Large- medically suppress the thyroid tissue 3. Surgical removal followed by thyroid hormone supplements. 4. Maglinancy arises in 1% lesions, then removal.
40
Name 2 types of congenital lip pits
commissural lip pits and paramedian lip pits
41
explain pathogenesis of commisural lip pits
mucosal invaginations at corners of mouth, form d2 failure of complete fusion of mx and md processes
42
T/F commisural lip pits have association with other orofacial clefts
False
43
Give the Patient management of commusural lip.
treatment not needed unless infected then surgical excision is done
44
Explain what paramedian lip pits are/ explain the pathogenesis of paramedian lip pits
Congenital invaginations of lower lip due to persisttent lateral sulci of md arch
45
Give the main clinical feature of a paramedian lip pit
Bilateral, symmetrical fistulae on either side of lower lip midline
46
How to manage a patient with paramedian lip pits?
excision for cosmetics or d2 infections. Check for other underlying syndromes
47
Explain what is hereditary gingival hyperplasia
Syndromic enlargement of gingiva due to increased collagen productio in lamina dura. Often part of syndromes.
48
Clinical features of hereditary gingival hyperplasia explained.
Gingival enlargement, gingiva overgrows the teeth and messes with occlusion. Can be gerenalised or localised, most commonly in maxilla. Gingiva has normal colour, difficulty closing lips, difficulty eating and speaking.
49
How do we manage patients with hereditary gingival hyperplasia?
Gingivectomy and OHI - only do gingivectomy once all teeth erupted!!! Then do Follow up!
50
Explain what a gingival cyst of infants is
Superficial keratin fillled cyst on alveolar mucosa which will disappear spontaneously within a few weeks following rupture
51
Give the clinical features of a gingival cyst of an infant
Multiple asymptomatic small 2-3mm white nodules on alveolar process, dont need to biopsy
52
Explain what a adult gingival cyst is
Rare soft tissue cyst found in adults develops from cell rests of serres in gingiva.
53
Explain the clinical features of a adult gingival cyst
most in canine-premolar area, 50-60 year olds. Painless swelling on buccal gingiva, blue to grey colour
54
How do we manage a adult gingival cyst?
Simple surgical excision and has excellent prognosis
55
Eruption cysts are?
Soft tissue cyst of gingiva overlying an erupting tooth
56
why is an eruption cyst also known as a eruption haematoma?
surface trauma can result in blood in the cystic fluid which creates a blue red pruple colour
57
Explain aetiopathogenesis of an eruption cyst
thicker collagen deposition in lamina properia- impedes eruption of tooth. Dental follicle over the tooth seperates from it and fills with fluid to form a cyst.
58
Explain the clinical features of a eruption cyst.
Soft, translucent to red swelling overlying erupting tooth. Children mainly, surface trauma leads to bleeding in the cyst- red colour therefore eruption haematoma.
59
what are fordyce granules and explain the clinical features of them
They are ectopic sebacious glands in mucosa-- normal. they are multiple and asymptomatic, yellow white granular lesions
60
what is often a predisposing factor for leukodema?
Smoking
61
explain leukodema
diffuse grey-white milky opalescent appearance of mucosa. due to oedema of the intracellular spinous layer. no treatment needed
62
Explain what white sponge nevus is
it is a rare inherited genodermatosis with defects of the keratin 4 and 13, therefore pts have abnormal keratin production. Present at birth, asymptomatic, symmetric and bilateral thickening, which is white plaques on oral mucosa and tongue.
63
Is white sponge nevus premalignant?
No, it is not, its completely benign and no treatment is needed

MFP 470 (9 decks)

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