Developmental delay

Question 1

What are the gross motor milestones?

Answer 1

Head control (4mnths)
Sit without support (9mnths)
Stands independently (12mnths)
Walks independently (18mnths)

Question 2

What are the social behaviour milestones?

Answer 2

Smiles (8weeks)
Fear of strangers (10mnths)
Feeds self (18mnths)
Symbolic play (2.5yrs)
Interactive play (3.5yrs)

Question 3

What are the vision/fine motor milestones?

Answer 3

Fix & Follow (3mnths)
Reach for objects (6mnths)
Transfers (9mnths)
Pincer grip (12mnths)

Question 4

What are the hearing/speech milestones?

Answer 4

Polysyllabic babble (7mnths)
Consonant babble (10mnths)
6 words & meaning (18mnths)
Joins words (2yrs)
3 word sentence (2.5yr)

Question 5

What are the developmental red flags?

Answer 5

Regression (Loss of skill already developed at any age)
Low muscle tone/floppy
Increased muscle tone
No speech by 18mnths
No walking by 18mnths
Can't sit upsupported by 12mnths

Question 6

What should a child be able to do by 6 weeks?

Answer 6

Support head
Follow object with eyes
Smile when spoken to
Respond to voice, vocalises

Question 7

What should a child be able to do by 1 year?

Answer 7

Pull self to standing
Pincer grasp
Wave bye
2-3 words with meaning

Question 8

What should a child be able to do by 18 months?

Answer 8

Walk
Build a 3 block tower
5+ words

Question 9

What should a child be able to do by 2 years?

Answer 9

Kick a ball
Build a 6 block tower
Use cup & spoon
Simple conversation

Question 10

What are some of the nervous system causes of developmental delay?

Answer 10

Neural tube defects

Hydrocephalus

Question 11

What are some of the endocrine system causes of developmental delay?

Answer 11

Congenital hypothyroidism

Phenylketonuria

Question 12

What are some of the neurodegenerative causes of developmental delay?

Answer 12

Leucomalacia (Necrosis of the white matter)

Question 13

What are some of the neurocutaneous syndromes that are causes of developmental delay?

Answer 13

Neurofibromatosis

Tuberous sclerosis

Question 14

What are some of the chromosomal abnormalities that are causes of developmental delay?

Answer 14

Down syndrome

Fragile X syndrome

Question 15

What are some of the idiopathic causes of developmental delay?

Answer 15

Autism

Dysmorphic syndromes*

Question 16

What are some of the prenatal injuries that can cause developmental delay?

Answer 16

Foetal alcohol syndrome
Intrauterine infections (CMV, Toxoplasmosis, Rubella)

Question 17

What are some of the perinatal injuries that can cause developmental delay?

Answer 17

Asphyxia

Birth trauma

Question 18

What are some of the postnatal injuries that can cause developmental delay?

Answer 18

Meningitis
Non accidental injury
Neglect

Question 19

What is foetal alcohol syndrome?

Answer 19

Characteristic facial appearance (Thin lips, Smooth philtrim, Small eye opening, Low nasal bridge)
Cardiac defects (VSD, ASD)
Poor growth
Microcephaly
Neurological impairment
Degree of features directly linked to amount of alcohol consumed during pregnancy