Developmental Disorders

Question 1

…. are mucosal invaginations that occur in 12-20% of adults, can be unilateral or bilateral, 1-4 mm in depth, asymptomatic and no treatment necessary

Answer 1

commissural lip pits

Question 2

… is a rare anomaly which is a redundant fold of tissue on the mucosal side of the lip and can be congenital or acquired, usually won’t see unless patient smiles, may want to treat for esthetics

Answer 2

double lip

Question 3

… are ectopic sebaceous glands (nonfunctional) that occur on the oral mucosa. this is extremely common (80% of population) and is considered more of a variation rather than pathologic. Seen more in adults and no treatment necessary

Answer 3

fordyce granules

Question 4

fordyce granules are described as small yellow or whitish-yellow …. often clustered together. most common locations are …

Answer 4

papules

buccal mucosa, lip vermilion

Question 5

… is described as a diffuse grayish or milky white appearance of the oral mucosa with surface folds or wrinkles. It is most commonly on the buccal mucosa bilaterally and is very common

Answer 5

Leukoedema

Question 6

leukoedema is more common and more pronounced in …

Answer 6

smokers

Question 7

the histopathology of …. shows fluid accumulation within the epithelial cells of the spinous layer

Answer 7

leukoedema

Question 8

How do you confirm the diagnosis of leukoedema?

Answer 8

whitish appearance that disappears when the mucosa is stretched.

Question 9

Is treatment necessary for leukoedema?

Answer 9

no

Question 10

… is an uncommon condition that means an abnormally small tongue and may be a component of any several syndromes. Ortho care to manage collapsed arches

Answer 10

Microglossia

Question 11

… is the complete absence of tongue

Answer 11

Aglossia

Question 12

… is very uncommon and is enlargement of the tongue. It can be congenital or acquired . It is common in Downs, beckwith-wiedemann syndrome, vascular malformations, lymphangioma, amyloidosis and hypothyroidism

Answer 12

Macroglossia

Question 13

… aka “tongue-tie” presents with an abbreviated or absent lingual frenum which happens in 2-10% of neonates. Speech problems are probably exaggerated and a frenectomy may be necessary if mucogingival stress is evident

Answer 13

Ankyloglossia

Question 14

…. is a rare developmental problem due to failure of migration of thyroid anlage. A mass develops in foramen cecum area. There is a striking female predilection

Answer 14

Lingual thyroid

Question 15

How can a lingual thyroid be diagnosed?

Answer 15

thyroid scan using radioactive iodine. biopsy is often avoided, evaluate for thyroid tissue in neck and consider excision in males

Question 16

a … tongue is a common variation of normal and varies in severity, from midline fissure to extensive arborized pattern and no treatment is necessary

Answer 16

fissured

Question 17

… tongue is a common condition where there is elongation of the filiform papillae on the dorsal tongue (accumulation of keratin- can be increased production or decreased removal of keratin)

Answer 17

coated tongue

Question 18

coated tongue can be associated with … or with patients that are ill or have less … diets

Answer 18

smoking (keratin builds up for protection)

abrasive

Question 19

… are abnormally dilated and tortuous veins, often seen in older adults and thought to be secondary to age-related degeneration or laxity in elastic support of vessel walls

Answer 19

varix/varices

Question 20

How do you confirm varices?

Answer 20

Diascopy- applying pressure and observing color changes (if not thrombosed then varices will blanch)

Question 21

Tx for varix?

Answer 21

may undergo surgical excision to confirm diagnois (due to thrombus formation) or for aesthetic purposes

Question 22

A … is a common vascular anomaly where the main arterial branch extends superficially without reduction in its diameter and is almost exclusively found on lip mucosa (upper usually)

Answer 22

caluber-persistent artery

Question 23

A … is a linear, arcuate, or papular lesion that can look like an “S”, “M”, or just one nodule. It is normal to bluish in color and you can confirm diagnosis by feeling a pulse. No tx necessary

Answer 23

caliber-persistent artery

Question 24

a … defect is a well-demarcated radiolucency below the mandibular canal, posterior mandible. CT scan helps confirm diagnosis. It is asymptomatic and usually found on a routine pan, male predilection

Answer 24

stafne (stafne cyst or lingual salivary gland depression)

Question 25

a stafne defect is sometimes confused as a

Answer 25

periapical abcess

Question 26

what is the most common non-odontogenic developmental cyst of the jaw?

Answer 26

incisive canal cyst (aka nasopalatine duct cyst)

Question 27

an incisive canal cyst develops from the epithelial remnants of the .... duct

Answer 27

nasopalatine

Question 28

an incisive canal cyst usually occurs at ...

Answer 28

the apices of the (usually vital) maxillary central incisors. But they can become devitalized if the cyst becomes too large

Question 29

If the incisive foramen is greater than .... than he is probably a cyst

Answer 29

6mm

Question 30

... shape morphology is common with incisive canal cysts. and it is usually ...locular and a well demarcated ...

Answer 30

pear uni- radiolucency

Question 31

incisive canal cyst treatment?

Answer 31

simple curettage is curative

Question 32

... are very small epidermoid cysts and often occur in clusters/multiple; periorbital location. Usually resolve by self-marsupialization

Answer 32

milia

Question 33

.... cysts are common and arise from the hair follicle. usually affect facial skin, neck or back and rare examples intraorally. it is filled with keratin and feels doughy

Answer 33

epidermoid

Question 34

what term should be avoided with epidermoid cysts?

Answer 34

sebaceous cyst because there is no sebaceous gland associated

Question 35

epidermoid cyst treatment

Answer 35

simple excision. recurrence is uncommon