Developmental Disturbances of Teeth (pt1) Flashcards
(23 cards)
What are the stages involved in odontogenesis
1) Initial stage - dental lamina arise from primary epithelial tissue, dental placode arise from dental lamina
2) Bud stage - formation of tooth bud, ectomesenchyme cells proliferate the jaw
3) Cap stage - “proliferation stage” placode enters bud, formation of enamel organ
4) Early bell stage - histodifferentiation (amelo & odontoblast obtain phenotype) & morphodifferenation (crown forms its shape)
5) Late bell stage - (initiation of mineralization, development of cusp & root)
6) Eruption (dental tissue fully mineralize to mature form)
What are the 3 processes that occur simultaneously during tooth development & give their roles?
1) Cellular proliferation - cells multiply, inc in number
2) Histodifferentiation - cells change function (ameloblast & odontoblast obtain phenotype)
3) Morphodifferentian - cells change shape (flat-round)
Give the parts & roles of the tooth germ
Enamel organ: ameloblast that gives rise to the enamel, secretes & synthesis enamel specific proteins
Dental Papilla: odontoblast give rise to dentin & pulp that serve as natural barriers, detect caries related pathogens & sense external irritations
Dental Folicle: give rise GCAP gingiva, cementum, alveolar bone & periodontal ligament that is comprise of the periodontium a supportive tissue
What happens when disturbances occur during tooth development?
Dental anomalies can occur based on the affected structure and point of odontogenesis that can be due to intrinsic (congenital, hereditary) or extrinsic factors (medication, alcohol, vax, drug exposure during pregnancy, infection)
Outline the developmental disturbances of teeth.
I. Alteration in Size: Microdontia & Macrodontia
II. Alteration in Number & Eruption: Supernumerary, Anodontia, Impacted
III. Alteration in Shape (Crown: GFTTDDMPH; Root: FACED)
IV. Alteration in Enamel & Dentin (Enamel: LEA; Detin: DD)
Differentiate microdontia & macrodontia
Microdontia is the appearance of smaller teeth size than normal with etiology that is due to disturbance during odontogenesis & associated with inheritance pattern and genetics. It occurs in the MAXILLARY LATERAL INCISOR with peg shape or cone-shaped laterals.
Macrodontia is the appearance of larger teeth size than normal with unknown etiology; its appearance is an enlarged tooth crown with distorted morphology resembling germination or fusion in the MANDIBULAR 3RD MOLAR
Give the etiology of microdontia & management.
Microdontia is due to disturbances during odontogenesis and is associated with inheritance pattern & genetics
Management:
1) conservative (esthetic/resto trt)
2) long term comprehensive interdisciplinary
approach (resto, ortho, surgical & prosthetic trt)
Differentiate or give the clinical features of microdontia
Generalized microdontia: all teeth are smaller than normal size, associated w pituitary dwarfism;
Focal microdontia: few or selected teeth are smaller in size, with a peg or cone-shaped crown occurring in the maxillary lateral incisor
Disproportional microdontia: relatively generalized, px has big jaw with normal size of teeth that gives disproportion apperance
Give the description & clinical presentation of macrodontia
Macrodontia is the appearance of larger teeth size than normal tooth
Etiology is unknown
Clinical features enlargement of the crown & distorted morphology resembling germination or fusion, commonly seen MANDIBULAR 3RD MOLAR
Give the tooths where macrodontia & microdontia occurs
Macrodontia: Mandibular 3rd molar
Microdontia: Maxillary Lateral Incisor
Outline the alteration in number & eruptions of tooth
I. Supernumerary
II. Anodontia
III. Impacted
Give the clinical significance of supernumerary
OWDM
1) Occupy space
2) When impacted, block eruption of the tooth
3) Delayed eruption of the adjacent tooth
4) Malalignment of dentition
Describe supernumerary & management
It is known as an extra tooth due to the continued proliferation of the dental papilla that forms a 3rd tooth germ; Management; extraction or repositioning of dental arch
Outline the common sites of supernumerary
M4PMPT
1) Mesiodens - in between the central incisor, give rise to diastema
2) Maxillary 4th premolar or molar
3) Periodens - outside dental arch
4) Mesio/Distomolar - molar region
5) Paramolar - buccal, lingual, or proximal to molars
6) Paramolar tubule - fused w permanent molar
Describe & give etiology of the occurrence of anodontia
Anodontia is the absence of teeth, a rare dental anomaly that can occur in both primary & permanent dentition; It is caused by the failure of tooth bud to develoop
Outline the frequency of missing teeth
32LCL
1) 3rd molar
2) Mandibular 2nd premolar
3) Maxillary lateral incisor
4) Mandibular central incisor
5) Mandibular lateral incisor
Give the clinical significance of anodontia or failure of eruption of permanent teeth
LOSR
1) Loss of space
2) Overcrowding
3) Supernumerary or supplemental teeth
4) Retention of the deciduous predecessor
Outline the types & subtypes of anodontia
I. Complete Anodontia - all teeth are missing
II. Partial Anodontia - a few or some teeth are missing
(A) Hypodontia - less than six teeth are missing
(B) Oligodontia - 6 or more teeth are missing
Describe & give the etiology of impaction
Impacted teeth is defined as tooths that are prevented from eruption due to physical blockage in the eruption path
It is caused by OAUA
- obstruction of physical barrier
- abnormal eruption path
- unusual orientation of tooth germ
- ankylosis
Outline the classification for impacted teeth
Class 1 - there is enough or adequate space between the ramus & distal of the 2nd molar, and there is enough space to accommodate the mesiodistal crown of the 3rd molar
Class 2 - space between the ramus & distal of the 2nd molar is less than the mesiodistal space of the crown of the 3rd molar.
Class 3 - impacted teeth is completelt located in the ramus, present the greatest difficulty and least accessibility
Outline the impacted teeth based on relative depth in bone
I. Position A - impacted teeth is in level with or above the occlusal plane of the 2nd molar
II. Position B - impacted teeth is below occlusal plane and above the cervical line of the 2nd molar
III. Position C - impacted teeth is below the cervical line of 2nd molar
Give winter’s classification of impaction
MILD BVH
1) Mesioangular Impaction
2) Inverted Impaction
3) Linguoangular Impaction
4) Distoangular Impaction
5) Buccoangular Impaction
6) Vertical Impaction
7) Horizontal Impaction
Clinical presentation or tooths involved in impaction
Maxillary canine, Mandibular 3rd molar
