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Developmental milestones Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four domains of child development?

A
  • Gross motor
  • Fine motor
  • Language
  • Personal and social
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2
Q

What is meant by gross motor developement?

A

Gross motor refers to the child’s development of large movements, such as sitting, standing, walking and posture. Development in this area happens from the head downwards.

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3
Q

Run and kick a ball?

A

2 years: Run. Kick a ball.

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4
Q

Cruising?

A

12 months: They should stand and begin cruising (walking whilst holding onto furniture).

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5
Q

Walk unaided?

A

12 months: Walk unaided.

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6
Q

Trunk supported on pelvis

A

6 months: They can keep their trunk supported on their pelvis (i.e. maintain a sitting position) by 6 months, however they often don’t have the balance to sit unsupported at this stage.

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7
Q

Sitting unsupported - can bounce on their legs when supported.

A

9 months: They should sit unsupported by 9 months. They can also keep their trunk and pelvis supported on their legs (i.e. maintain a standing position) and bounce on their legs when supported.

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8
Q

Crawling

A

9 months

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9
Q

Hop and climb stairs like an adult|:

A

4 years: Hop. Climb and descend stairs like an adult.

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10
Q

Gallops

A

4 years

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11
Q

Fine motor development in children means what?

A

Fine motor refers to a the child’s development of precise and skilled movements, and also encompasses their visual development and hand-eye coordination.

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12
Q

Holds crayon and scribbles randomly

A

12 months: Holds crayon and scribbles randomly

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13
Q

Fixes their eyes on an object 30 centimetres in front of them and makes an attempt to follow it. They show a preference for a face rather than an inanimate object.

A

8 weeks

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14
Q

Palmar grasp of objects (wraps thumb and fingers around the object).

A

6 weeks

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15
Q

Scissor grasp

A

9 months: Scissor grasp of objects (squashes it between thumb and forefinger).

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16
Q

They can clumsily use a spoon to bring food from a bowl to their mouth.

A

14-18months

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17
Q

Mature tripod grasp of a pencil

A

5 years

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18
Q

Language in child development:

What are the two types?

A

Language refers to the child’s development of understanding and using speech and language to communicate. There are two components:

Expressive language

Receptive language

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19
Q

Has around 5 – 10 words

A

18 months

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20
Q

Combines 3 – 4 words

A

2.5 years

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21
Q

Combines 2 words. Around 50+ words total.

A

2 years

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22
Q

Cooing noises

A

3 months

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23
Q

Makes noises with consonants (starting with g, b and p)

A

6 months

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24
Q

Babbles, sounding more like talking but not saying any recognisable words

A

9 months

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25
Tells stories
4 years
26
Using basic sentences
3 years
27
Says single words in context, e.g. “Dad-da” or “Hi”
12 months
28
Listens to speech
9 months
29
Follows very simple instructions
12 months
30
Understands verbs, for example “show me what you eat with”
2 years
31
Understands nouns, for example “show me the spoon”
18 months
32
Responds to tone of voice
6 months
33
Recognises parents and familiar voices and gets comfort from these
3 months
34
Understands adjectives, for example “show me the red brick” and “which one of these is bigger?”
3 years
35
Follows complex instructions, for example “pick the spoon up, put it under the carpet and go to mummy”
4 years
36
1 key word, for example “show me the spoon”
18 months
37
Personal and social development
Personal and social refers to the child’s development of skills in interacting, communicating, playing and building relationships:
38
Curious and engaged with people
6 months
39
Smiles
6 **weeks**
40
Startles to loud noises
6 weeks
41
Communicates pleasure
3 months
42
Has best friend. Dry by night. Dresses self. Imaginative play.
4 years
43
Imitates activities such as using a phone
18 months
44
Engages with others by pointing and handing objects. Waves bye bye. Claps hands.
12 months
45
They become cautious and apprehensive with strangers
9 months
46
Extends interest to others beyond parents, such as waving to strangers. Plays next to but not necessarily with other children (parallel play). Usually dry by day.
2 years
47
They will seek out other children and plays with them. Bowel control.
3 years
48
Developmental red flags
Lost developmental milestones Not able to hold an object at 5 months Not sitting unsupported at 12 months Not standing independently at 18 months Not walking independently at 18 months Not running at 2.5 years No words at 18 months No interest in others at 18 months
49
Top tip:
When talking to the child, you can encourage them in a way that lets the examiner know you have noticed certain things, such as “that is a really good pincer grip”, “you built a tower of six bricks, that is great” and “that is really good walking”.
50
Developmental assessment skim the summary
During the initial part of the assessment try to develop rapport with the child so they engage with you. Make it a game and fun, and give plenty of praise when the child succeeds in a task. Make sure you remember and use their name. Children generally enjoy showing what they can do. If they are shy or don’t want to engage try using the parent to encourage them and don’t be afraid simply to observe and note what they are doing. If they absolutely do not want to engage you may want to ask their parent about the milestones. Start by making a visual estimate of the rough age of the child and observing what they are doing before asking them to do something different. Test milestones that you think the child should be able to achieve at that age and work your way up until they are unable to complete the task. For example, if they look around 2 years and you want to assess fine motor, start with a tower and see how many bricks they can build, then challenge them to build a train, then a bridge, then steps. When they fail at a task, move on to assessing their drawing ability.
51
When is not standing independantly a red flag
18 months
52
When is no words a red flag?
No words at 18 months = red flag
53
No interest in others
No interest in others at 18 months = red flag
54
Not sitting unsupported is a red flag when?
Not sitting unsupported at 12 months = red flag
55
Not able to hold an object at what age is a red flag?
Not able to hold an object at 5 months = red flag
56
Squats to pick up ball
18 months
57
Pulls to standing
8-10 months
58
You are reviewing a 11-month-old baby with a viral upper respiratory tract infection. She is clinically well but at the end of the consultation her mother asks you about her development. You notice that she points and babbles 'mama' and 'dada' but has no other words. She is shy and cries when you try to examine her. There is an early pincer grip and she can roll from front to back but she cannot yet sit without support. How would you describe her development?
Isolated delay in gross motor skills. Most babies can sit without support at 7-8 months so this probably represents a delay in gross motor skills. If still present at 12 months she should be considered for referral to a paediatrician. The other development features are normal for her age.
59
Walks unsupported
12-15 months **(Refer at 18 months)**
60
Rides a tricycle using pedals
3 years
61
Walks up stairs without holding on to rail
3 years
62
At what age would the average child start to play alongside, but not interacting with, other children?
2 years Parallel play at 2 years (think of 2 parallel lines).
63
At what age can a child stack 3 blocks?
18 months The more widely quoted milestone is that of 3 blocks at **18** months. The MRCPCH development guidelines state that 4 blocks should be reached by this age.
64
Tower buidling 3 age? 6 age? 9 age?
Tower of 3 = 18 months Tower of 6 = 2 years Tower of 9 = 3 years
65
Palmar grasp
5-6 months There is a difference between the grasp reflex (involuntary) and palmar grasp (voluntary).

Paediatrics (3 decks)

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