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Developmental Milestones Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

Features of 10 weeks development

A

Cerebral expansion and commissures

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2
Q

Features of 3 months development

A

Basic structures established

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3
Q

Features of 5 months development

A

CNS myelination begins

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4
Q

Features of 7 months development

A

Lobed cerebrum

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5
Q

Features of 9 months development

A

Gyri and sulci

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6
Q

When does myelination begin in rats?

A

10 days postnatal

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7
Q

At its peak, oligos produce how much myelin per day?

A

3x body weight

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8
Q

When is most myelination over with in humans?

A

2 year old

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9
Q

When does myelination in the neocortex stop?

A

Late teens

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10
Q

Compositional changes during myelination

A

Galactolipids increase

Protein components increase

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11
Q

What is the critical period for eye malformations like cataracts?

A

6 weeks

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12
Q

What is the critical period for deafness?

A

9 weeks

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13
Q

What is the critical period for cardiac malformations?

A

5 - 10 weeks

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14
Q

When is the risk of CNS disorders?

A

2nd trimester

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15
Q

What is foetal alcohol syndrome?

A

Alcohol crosses the placenta
Fetus doesn’t clear alcohol well
Fetal alcohol levels are higher

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16
Q

What are the symptoms of foetal alcohol syndrome?

A 
Facial abnormalities 
Microcephaly 
Loss of cells 
Lost fibres 
Irritability 
Motor and intellectual impairments
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17
Q

What happens to neonates with a mother who abuses opiates?

A

Neonates experience withdrawal

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18
Q

What happens to neonates with a mother who abuses cocaine?

A

Hypoxia
Abortion
Withdrawal
Lower cognition

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19
Q

What happens to neonates with a mother who abuses ecstasy?

A

Long term effects on hippocampus

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20
Q

What happens to neonates with a mother who abuses cannabis?

A

Long term cognitive effects

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21
Q

Speed of conduction in neonates peripheral nerve?

22
Q

Speed of conduction in 1 - 6 months peripheral nerve?

23
Q

Speed of conduction in 6 - 12 months peripheral nerve?

24
Q

Speed of conduction in 12 - 24 months peripheral nerve?

25
What does pain require the connection of?
Receptors Sensory neurons Thalamus Cortex
26
When is dermal skin innervated?
From 28 weeks
27
When is subdermal skin innervated?
6 - 8 weeks
28
When does the organised thalamus form?
8+ weeks
29
When do retinal inputs arrive?
14 - 16 weeks
30
Myelination occurs from..
25 weeks
31
Connections from the thalamus to cortex from...
24 weeks
32
Taste and smell at birth
Well developed Able to differentiate mother breast from non-mother Bottle-fed infants prefer any lactating female
33
Hearing at birth
Responsive Excellent discriminators of language sounds Locate sounds from 3 days
34
Eyes are open and sensitive from...
7 months
35
What is the least well developed sense at birth?
Vision
36
Colour vision develops at...
2 months
37
What is the moro reflex?
Startle reflex
38
When does the stepping reflex go?
6 weeks
39
When does the palmar grasp go?
3 - 4 months
40
When does the moro reflex go?
3+ months
41
When does the swimming reflex go?
4 - 6 months
42
What is the babinski reflex?
Neonates fan toes when sole stroked | Adults curl toes
43
What does descending motor tract damage cause?
Adults fanning toes when sole is stroked rather than curling toes
44
When does the rooting reflex go?
4 - 7 months
45
When does reaching begin?
Around 5 months
46
What is stage 1 of language development?
1st word | 9 - 18 months
47
What is stage 2 of language development?
2 words | 18 - 24 months
48
What is stage 3 of language development?
Simple conversation - why stage | 2 - 3.5 years
49
What is stage 4 of language development?
Complexity of conversations increases | 3.5 - 8 years
50
What is stage 5 of language development?
Adult conversations | 8 years +

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