Developmental Psyc

Question 1

what is developmental psyc?

Answer 1

study of physical, cognitive and social changes over ones lifetime

Question 2

nature vs nurture?

Answer 2

nature- influenced by genetics

nurture- influenced by environment

Question 3

what parts of humans generally remain stable over lifespan? what change?

Answer 3

stable- temperament and personality

change-interests and habits

Question 4

what does prenatal development describe?

Answer 4

At each stage different genetic and environmental factors affect development

Question 5

what happens at 6 months?

Answer 5

fetus exposed to mothers voice and has a preference towards her voice

Question 6

does learning begin in womb?

Answer 6

yes

Question 7

what are inborn skills?

Answer 7

reflex responses a newborn has that are a response to human evolution
not learned but instinctive

Question 8

what is the rooting reflex? the startle?

Answer 8

rooting-to ensure food, responds to touch around mouth

startle- arms and legs splay, followed by crying

Question 9

what is the grasping reflex? stepping? Babinski?

Answer 9

grasping- clings onto arms and fingers
stepping- precursor to walking
babinski- toes fan out when bottom of foot is stroked

Question 10

how can we explore infants mental abilites?

Answer 10

eye tracking and timing of how long they look at certain images

Question 11

how are newborns conditioned for socialization

Answer 11

turn heads to human voices

can distinguish smell of their mother

Question 12

brain maturation from birth to 3yrs old

Answer 12

branching neural networks enable walking talking and. memory

Question 13

brain maturation from 3 to 6yrs old

Answer 13

frontal lobe develops, enables rational planning

Question 14

what area develops last?

Answer 14

brains association area (memory )

Question 15

motor development from birth -3yrs

Answer 15

physical coordination
muscles and nervous system matures
skills emerge

Question 16

is motor development universsal?

Answer 16

yes

roll over-sit -crawl—walk

Question 17

What is cognition?

Answer 17

the mental thinking associated with thinking, knowing, remembering and communicating

Question 18

what was piaget interested in?

Answer 18

the trends in the mistakes children would make

Question 19

what are schemas?

Answer 19

mental molds pour brain groups things by

Question 20

Assimilation vs accommodation

Answer 20

assim- incorporating new experiences into current schemas

accom- restructing our schema to accommodate info better

Question 21

what are piagets 4 stages of cognitive development?

Answer 21

sensirimotor
preoperational
concrete operational
formal operational

Question 22

explain the sensorimotor stage

Answer 22

born-2y/o
infants learn by sensing what is around them and moving around
have no sense of object permanence

Question 23

What are some considerations of piagets sensorimotor stage?

Answer 23

Baillargeon proves babies have sense of physics and math at young age
-act suprised when ball stops mid air

Question 24

Explain the preoperational stage

Answer 24

2-6/7 y/o
able to:
represent schemas with words
pretend play 
use intuition but not logic
cannot:
picture other POV 
don't have theory of mind

Question 25

what is egocentrism

Answer 25

"i am centre of the world"

Question 26

what is theory of mind

Answer 26

the ability to understand that others have there own thoughts and perspectives

Question 27

Preoperational stage considerations

Answer 27

some of the characteristics don't fit perfectly into this model

Question 28

explain the concrete operational stage

Answer 28

7-12y/o learn how various actions can affect concrete ideas cannot picture conservation of properties

Question 29

explain formal operational stage

Answer 29

12- adulthood | expands from concrete thinking to abstract

Question 30

what have new psychologists discovered about piagets stages of cognitive development

Answer 30

it was flawed - development is continuous - children can show mental abilities / operations at early age - formal logic is smaller part of cognition than piaget thought

Question 31

what is adolesence?

Answer 31

transition period form puberty to independence | -frontal lobe development, synaptic pruning and irrational/risky behaviours

Question 32

what are kohlbergs levels of moral thinking?

Answer 32

preconventional conventional postconventional

Question 33

explain the preconventional moral thinking

Answer 33

Before age 9 self interest obeys rules to avoid punishment/ be rewarded

Question 34

explain the conventional moral thinking

Answer 34

early adolescence | upholds laws to maintain order/ to fit in

Question 35

explain the postconventional moral thinking

Answer 35

adolescence and beyond self defined ethical principles basic rights

Question 36

what is the ethics of care theory?

Answer 36

``` by carol gilligan masc and fem moral thinking masc--> logical and indivulistic femm-->protect interpersonal relationships can be used to explain workplace dynamic ```

Question 37

what is the best approach to moral thinking

Answer 37

an androgynous approach

Question 38

what is early adulthood? middle? late?

Answer 38

early-20-30 middle- to age 65 late - post 65

Question 39

how to study age related changes?

Answer 39

Cross sectional studies | longitudal studies

Question 40

issues with cross sectional?

Answer 40

older people grew up in a different time period then younger: changes may be due to time period

Question 41

issues with longitudal?

Answer 41

people may die, quit, move away

Question 42

Types of parenting styles

Answer 42

permissive authoritative neglectful authoritarian

Question 43

explain the permissive parenting style?

Answer 43

avoids conflict with. child little rules child driven

Question 44

Explain the authoritative parenting style?

Answer 44

solves problems with child clear rules and expectations open communication

Question 45

explain the neglectful parenting style?

Answer 45

absent little guidance indifferent

Question 46

explain the authoritarian parenting style?

Answer 46

strict parent driven one way communication little understanding