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Exam 6 > Developmental Psych > Flashcards

Developmental Psych Flashcards

1
Q

Development is a ____ process

A

non-linear

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2
Q

4 stages of cognitive development according to piaget

A

sensorimotor
Preoperational
concrete operational
formal operationsl

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3
Q

Age and goal for sensorimotor stage for Piaget

A

birth to 18-24 months, object permanence

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4
Q

Age and goal for preoperational stage for Piaget

A

2-7 years old, symbolic thought

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5
Q

Age and goal for concrete operational stage for Piaget

A

7-11, logical thought

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6
Q

Age and goal for formal operational stage for Piaget

A

12+, logical thought

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7
Q

What Erikson based on stages on

A

solving a crisis
basic trust for infant, shame and doubt for toddler, guilt for preschooler, inferiority for school age, role confusion for adolescent, etc

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8
Q

Children understanding the world through touch, taste, movement describes what stage of Piaget

A

sensorimotor. birth to 24 months

very interested in the world directly in front of them, they are very interested in what is right in front of them

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9
Q

What age do children form words

A

~12 months

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10
Q

Objects existing even when they cannot be heard and seen is ____
what age does this develop

A

object permanence. this is a basis for abstract thought
develops 8-9 months
might lead to separation anxiety (but this is good so they don’t just keep crawling away)

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11
Q

In early infancy, babies are _____

A

egocentric. this may result in separation anxiety.

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12
Q

Basis of this psychology concept
caregiver- stability and consistency
learning to get and receive what is offered

A

Erikson Trust vs Mistrust

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13
Q

Erikson Trust vs mistrust stage
Trust leads to ____ and getting needs met from others
Mistrust leads to _____

A

hope

fear, anxiety, and insecurity

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14
Q

Mahler’s separation-individuation stages

A

normal autistic 0-1mo, normal symbiotic 1-5mo, separation-individuation 5-24mo
dependent on caregiver, begin to look at self as separate, separation-individuation

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15
Q

Erikson stage defined as
work of holding on and letting go (speech, sphincter and muscle control)
work on will to be oneself vs self doubt
trying to be own person. this is strongly impacted by the caregiver

A

Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
NEED a caregiver that allowed them to try out new things without being too controlled. caregiver that is too rigid does not send message that autonomy is possible

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16
Q

Piaget stage defined by:
symbolic language, LITERAL interpretation of the world, no logical problem solving (death is reversible), non-living objects have feelings/life

A

pre operational stage. age 2-7

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17
Q

_____ Development: parallel play to learning to play cooperatively, on a team

A

social

Parallel play is <3yrs

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18
Q

Erikson stage defined by
greater participation of outside world, curious, finds purpose, asks questions (why), plans activities, develop conscience that can be harsh/uncompromising-> develop morality

A

Initiative vs. guilt, 3-5 years

Talk of “bad guys” and “good guys”

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19
Q

Piaget stage defined by

Able to think logically about concrete events, conservation (the long vs short cup), reversibility (5+7 = 7+5)

A 
Concrete operational (7-11 years old)
less egocentric-> more aware of other's feelings and thoughts but still working on it
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20
Q

Erikson stage defined by
learning new skills, pride in making things, imagine themselves in very occupations, role models needed to overcome sense of inferiority + achieve COMPETENCE, sense of futility + work paralysis

A

industry vs inferiority (5-13 years)

getting grounded in their own abilities

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21
Q

____ stage defined as: tumultuous, differentiation from family, focus on peers, risk taking + reward seeking + poor decision making.

A

Adolescence (imbalance between limbic + frontal lobe)

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22
Q

Piaget stage defined by:

abstract ideas, can deal with hypothetical problems, not guaranteed

A

Formal operational 12+

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23
Q

Erikson stage defined by

“who am I and what do I care about”, identity questions, how they appear in others’ eyes, cliques

A

identity vs role confusion (13-21 years)

failure to negotiate-> role confusion

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24
Q

What are the domains in the DSM5 criteria for Autism Spectrum disorder?

A

social communication differences, restrictive and repetitive behaviors

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25
Three characteristics of social communication and interaction for autism spectrum disorder
deficits in reciprocity, nonverbal communication, and relationships
26
Deficits in ________ in ASD: | reduced showing/sharing, limited conversation, unexpected social responses
social emotional reciprocity
27
Deficits in ________ in ASD: uncomfortable with eye contact, difficult reading facial expressions, limited gestures
non-verbal communication
28
Deficits in ________ in ASD: difficult adjusting to context, reduced imaginary/social play, friendships different than expected
relationships
29
The 4 examples of restricted and repetitive behaviors
``` stereotyped or repetitive behaviors insistence on sameness restricted interests sensory hyper or hypoactivity (must have 2/4) ```
30
Repetitive restricted behaviors defined by repetitive motor movements (pacing), repetitive use of objects, hand flapping, idiosyncratic phrases
stereotyped or repetitive behaviors
31
Repetitive restricted behaviors defined by: distress w small changes, transition problems, rigid thinking
insistence on sameness
31
Restricted + repetitive behaviors defined by : intense focus, attached to objects, difficult shifting to other topics
restricted interests
32
Restricted + repetitive behavior defined by oversensitivity, lack of sensitivity, unusual sensory interests
sensory hyper or hypoactivity
33
Diagnostic criteria for ASD besides social communication + restricted repetitive behaviors Symptoms present from ______ Not accounted for by _____ or ________ Deficits could be masked until social demands exceed capacity, aka ______
early childhood intellectual disability, global developmental delay camouflaging
34
Autism has been used to mean ______ | 1911 by Bleuler
Inward preccupation used in psychotic disorders | many of first DSMs used it in context of schizo disorders
35
___ was the year that autism was dropped from the schizophrenia field
1980, DSM III
36
Instead of using "functioning" or "severity" for people with ASD, ______ terms can be used
levels of support
37
ASD affects ___% of population, 1 in ___ children in US | ___x more common among boys
1-2, 44 2-5x Girls might be because not caught /neuroprotective from hormones
38
Environmental factors associated with ASD
older sibling with ASD, neonatal hypoxia, gestational DM, older maternal and paternal age, preterm birth, maternal obesity. folic acid intake is protective
39
Environmental factors that are not associated with ASD
VACCINES, c section, prolonged labor, HTN, smoking, premature rupture of membrane, prenatal smoking, assisted vaginal delivery
40
What are some genes associated with autism
FMR1, TSC1/2 | fragile X syndrome, tubero sclerosis
41
Trajectory of _______ might be associated with ASD
``` head circumference (brain developement) smaller at first then larger in adolescence ```
42
As well as brain volume, there is _______ in brains in ASD
extra-axial CSF
43
It is common for individuals with ASD to also have _____
epilepsy
44
There are no valid _____ for ASD diagnosis so focus is on observable behaviors
biomarkers
45
Structured interview tool for parents=? | semi-structured eval of child=?
ADI-R | ADOS-2
46
Diagnostic workup for ASD
speech-language assessment, occupational therapy, IQ testing, achievement testing, adaptive skills, genetic testing
47
What does invention in young child look like for ASD?
multimodal, behavioral therapy, speech/occupational/physical therapies, support at school
48
What does intervention look like for older children for ASD?
therapy (anxiety + emotional regulation), social skills, life and job skills training
49
______ and _______ are approved irritability and aggression in autism
Aripiprazole and risperidone. these are anti-psychotics
50
Criteria for intellecular developmental disabilities
start before child turns 18, has problems with intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior (social + life skills)
51
____ is no longer used to define an intellectual disability (it used to be)
IQ. no long quantitive, more looking at how one moves through the world
52
7 different characteristics for intellectual developmental disability that individuals may have trouble with
self care, receptive + expressive language, learning, mobility, self direction, capacity for independent living, economic self sufficiency
53
_____ of intellectual disability has an identifiable etiology
>70%. (genetic, prenatal development)
54
What is the most common cause of intellectual disability
worldwide = malnutrition | US: AS
55
Most common genetic cause of intellectual disability
Down syndrome up slated palpebral fissures (where eyelids meet), flat nasal bridge, nuchal folds, single palmar flexion crease, hypotonia Alzheimer's (APP is on chromosome 21)
56
Most common inherited cause of intellectual disability
``` fragile X (fmr-1 gene) (fragile mental retardation) broad forehead, large ears, long face, enlarged testicles, hypotonia (CV condition), ASD, ```
57
______ involves MeCP2 gene on x chrom. females only. normal for the first 5 months then deceleration head growth, lose hand coordinating, repetitive hand movements, retardation
Rett syndrome | this is considered a childhood disintegrative disorder
58
Features of Prader Willi
increased appetite, narrow temple distance + nasal bridge, almond shaped eyes, mild strabismus, thin upper lip
59
What are the TORCH infections
Toxo, Other, Rubella, CMV, Herpes | other = syphilis, aids, Parvo B19, listeria, VZV, alc)
60
______ is mental age divided by chronological age multiplied by 100
IQ scoring
61
Co-occuring mental illness in IDD is _____
30-50%
62
prevalence of IDD is about ___% | _:_ male to female
1-3 | 2:1
63
Most IDD appear by the age of ____
14
64
______ accounts for the majority of hospital admissions among adults with intellectual disability
mental illness | aggression is often the reason-> more lively to develop anxiety, depression, irritability
65
What are 8 medical comorbidities of IDD
seizures, constipation, GERD, nutritions, insomnia, obesity, dental problems, UTI Medical conditions can present in a psychotic disorders
66
Oppositional defiant disorder is closely related to ___
ADHD | They can't control it, they get in trouble and start arguing with the teachers-> this is
67
name the psych condition | Angry irritable defiant behavior vindictiveness for longer than 6 months
Oppositional defiant disorder
68
What are examples of angry/irritable mood for ODD
loses temper, easily annoyed, angry/resentful often
69
what are some examples of argumentative/defiant behavior
arguses with authority, refuses to comply with rules, deliberately annoys others, blames others for his/her mistakes
70
These are risk factors for ____ | Neglect/abuse poverty, violence, lower SE status, lack of parental supervision
ODD
71
____ increases risk for conduct, mood, and anxiety disorders, low heart rate, and abnormalities in PFC and amygdala
ODD.
72
ODD comorbidities (there are 5)
ADHD, Conduct disorder, anxiety, depressive, SUD
73
Name that psych disorder | persistent pattern of violating societal rules or the rights of others-> impairment in functioning
Conduct disorder | comes from parents, and how kids are being raised
74
Name some of the 15 qualities associated with conduct disorder (need 3/15 to have conduct disorder)
initiates fights, bully, cruelty to animals, fire setting, breaking and entering, lies, avoid obligations, steals, running away from home, truancy age, stays out at night
75
Males have a _____ prevalence for conduct disorder
greater, (5:1 male to female) | 2-10% prevalence
76
Difference between ODD and CD
ODD is more a reactive aggression- (impulsive)- may regret a few minutes later CD is more proactive aggression-> they know what they are doing and have planned their action. if they feel bad they feel bad they got in trouble
77
CD usually starts in ______, and it is rare to begin after ___
middle school years, 16 | 40% have antisocial personality disorder
78
______ is associated with reduced autonomic fear conditioning, low skin conductance, fronto-temporal-limbic dysfunction
CD. | these patients know what is right and wrong and feel no regret choosing the wrong thing
79
Type of aggression: | fighting, violence, fire setting
overt aggression
80
type of aggression | stealing, fraud, relational aggression
cover aggression
81
Type of aggression: behavior that harms the social relationships of others
relational aggression
82
Type of aggression: lack of empathy and low levels of guilt and shame (downward extension of affective and characteristics of psychopathy)
callous-unemotional traits
83
Name some risk factors for CD
lower IQ, *history of abuse and neglect*, peer rejection, parental criminal history, SUD in fam, lack of supervision, changes in caregivers, large family size, exposure to violence
84
Other things on the differential when CD is suspected
ODD, ADHD, mood disorders, intermittent explosive disorder, adjustment disorders
85
Treatment for ODD includes:
parent management school based problem solving skills (medications (antipsychotics) only treat comorbid disorders)
86
Different levels of therapy as a treatment for conduct disorder
individual (anger management, problem solving), caretaker (parent management, behavioral, parent-child interaction), family (functional family), multimodal (multi systemic)
87
Multisystemic therapy-> theoretical basis in _____ and ____-
general systems theory and social ecology | change many systems interacting in the kid's (treating everyone else not the kid)
88
The 9 core principles of multi systemic therapy
understand fit between problems and broader systemic context, use strengths as levers for change, design interventions, interventions are present focused and action oriented, interventions target behavior within, interventions are appropriate, interventions need weekly/daily effort, assess the intervention effects, promote long term maintenance of therapeutic change

Exam 6 (14 decks)

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