Developmental Review

Question 1

Which part of the pain controls ascending and descending motor function?

Answer 1

Medulla oblongata

Question 2

Which part of the pain controls breathing?

Answer 2

Pons Varolii

Question 3

Which part of the brain is the reflex center that controls movement of eyeballs and head?

Answer 3

Midbrain

Question 4

Which part of the brain interprets stimuli (pain and temperature)?

Answer 4

Thalamus

Question 5

Which part of the brain controls autonomic functions related to homeostasis?

Answer 5

Hypothalamus

Question 6

Which part of the brain controls voluntary actions, speech, senses, thought, and memory?

Answer 6

Cerebral cortex

Question 7

Which part of the brain controls equilibrium and coordination, muscle movement, and tone?

Answer 7

Cerebellum

Question 8

Which part of the peripheral nervous system coordinates body movements and receives external stimuli?

Answer 8

Somatic nervous system

Question 9

Which part of the peripheral nervous system controls glands, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle?

Answer 9

Autonomic nervous system

Question 10

The increase in catecholamines in acutely and critically ill children cause what fluid and nutrition changes?

Answer 10

Reduces insulin secretion and action in peripherals

Increase in glucagon production causing hyperglycemia, lipid intolerance, and protein catabolism

Question 11

During periods of inflammation, the liver reacts by____?

Answer 11

Increasing C-reactive protein (CRP) and reducing albumin and prealbumin production

Question 12

What is the typical vancomycin trough levels?

Answer 12

10-20 mg/kg

Question 13

What is the typical gentamicin and tobramycin peak levels?

Answer 13

6-12 mg/L

Question 14

What is the typical gentamicin and tobramycin trough levels?

Answer 14

<1 mg/L

Question 15

What is the typical steady-state concentration for phenytoin?

Answer 15

10-20 mg/L

Question 16

What are the diseases included in TORCH syndrome?

Answer 16

Toxoplasmosis
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus
Herpes Simplex Virus

Question 17

What are the complications of toxoplasmosis in birth?

Answer 17

Cognitive impairment, learnign disabilities, and blindness

Question 18

What are the complications of rubella in birth?

Answer 18

Deafness, blindness, cardiac anomalies, and limb deformities

Question 19

What are the complications of cytomegalovirus in birth?

Answer 19

Symptoms present at birth or may appear more than 2 years after birth and including hearing loss, cognitive impairment, learning disabilities

Question 20

What are the complications of herpes simplex virus in birth?

Answer 20

CNS involvement, skin, eye, and mouth involvement, liver disease

Question 21

What is the nutritional needs (calorie goal) for newborns?

Answer 21

100-110 kcal/kg/day

Question 22

Newborns typically grow how many ounces a day?

Answer 22

0.5-1 oz/day

Question 23

In the first three months, how much do infants grow per day?

Answer 23

0.5-1 oz/day

Question 24

In the first three months, how much do infants grow in length?

Answer 24

1 inch per month

Question 25

In the first three months, how much do infants head grow?

Answer 25

2 cm per month

Question 26

In months 2-6 of infancy, how much do infants grow per week?

Answer 26

5-7 oz per week

Question 27

After 3 months of age, how much do infants head grow?

Answer 27

1 cm per month

Question 28

When does the posterior fontanel typically close?

Answer 28

1-3 months of age

Question 29

How much do infants weight increase from months 9 to 12?

Answer 29

3-4 oz per week

Question 30

How much do infants head grow from months 9 to 12?

Answer 30

1/2 inch per month

Question 31

How much do toddlers weight (1 year to 2 1/2 years old) grow per year?

Answer 31

4-6 pounds per year

Question 32

How much do toddlers (1 year to 2 1/2 years) height increase per year?

Answer 32

3 inches per year

Question 33

When does the anterior fontanel close?

Answer 33

9 to 18 months

Question 34

How many teeth are in the toddler's mouth by 2 years?

Answer 34

20 teeth

Question 35

When do the first molars first appear?

Answer 35

10-16 months

Question 36

When do the first cuspids (canines) appear?

Answer 36

16-20 months

Question 37

When do the second molars appears?

Answer 37

20-30 months

Question 38

When does "in-toeing" typically resolve?

Answer 38

16-18 months

Question 39

What age does landau reflex disappear?

Answer 39

15 months to 2 years

Question 40

What age does the neck righting disappear?

Answer 40

2 years

Question 41

What age does the parachute reflex appear?

Answer 41

6-8 months

Question 42

What is the half-life of albumin?

Answer 42

20 days

Question 43

What is the half-life of prealbumin?

Answer 43

2-3 days

Question 44

What is the half-life of transferrin?

Answer 44

7-10 days

Question 45

What is the half-life of CRP?

Answer 45

8-12 hours

Question 46

What is the recommended initial rate for critically ill, malnourished pediatric patient?

Answer 46

0.5-1 ml/kg/hour