Developmental Theories Flashcards
(50 cards)
Behavior is motivated by inner forces & conflicts that are beyond people’s awareness & control. ID, ego, & superego
Psychosexual Theory
Sigmund Freud
A person negotiates biological and sociocultural influences. Eight stages: trust v mistrust, autonomy v shame, initiative v guilt, industry v inferiority, identity v role confusion, intimacy v isolation, generativity v stagnation, ego integrity v despair.
Psychosocial Theory
Erik Erikson
The association of a response with a stimulus; a person comes to respond in a way to a neutral stimulus that normally does not bring about that type of response
Classical Conditioning
Ivan Pavlov, John Watson
A voluntary response is strengthened or weakened by its association with consequences. Rewards and punishments can strengthen or discourage behaviors.
Operant Conditioning
BF Skinner
Learning occurs in a social context; relationship between the environment and a person’s behavior.
Social Cognitive Theory
Albert Bandura
People gradually come to acquire and use knowledge and information. It describes cognitive development in four stages: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete, and formal
Theory of cognitive development
Jean Piaget
Identify the ways individuals take in, use, and store information (compared to a computer). Based on the idea that humans process the information they receive, rather than merely respond to stimuli.
Information processing
Richard Atkinson
An individual’s drive towards self-actualization and contend that people naturally make decisions and control their behavior. The hierarchy of needs
Humanistic theories
Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow
Cognitive development is a result of social interactions between members of a culture. The zone of proximal development and scaffolding.
Sociocultural theory
Lev Vygotsky
Studying a child in the context of multiple environments. Organized into five levels: microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem.
Bioecological systems model
Urie Bronfenbrenner
Identify behavior that is a result of our genetic inheritance
Evolutionary psychology theory
Konrad Lorenz
Psychosexual Stages
Oral, anal, phallic (desire for parent of other sex), latency, genital
learn adults can be trusted
Trust vs mistrust (hope)
Learn they can control their actions; showing preferences, establish independence
Autonomy vs shame (will)
taking initiative and control through social interactions; planning and achieving goals
Initiative vs guilt (purpose)
comparing to peers; either feel pride in their activities or inferior to others
Industry vs inferiority
develop sense of self; what their beliefs are; who they are
Identity vs role confusion (fidelity)
after developing sense of self, they are open to relationships
Intimacy vs isolation (love)
finding your life’s work; leaving a mark on the next generation
Generativity vs stagnation (care)
reflect on life; either sense of satisfaction or failure
Integrity vs despair (wisdom)
behaviors followed by consequences that are satisfying are likely to be repeated, whereas if they are followed by unpleasant consequences it is less likely
Law of Effect
the interplay between our personality and the way we interpret events and how they influence us
Reciprocal Determinism
world experienced through senses and action
Sensorimotor
use words and images to represent things but lack logical reasoning
Preoperational
