Developmental Theories Flashcards
Jean Piaget
Nature of how humans come to have knowledge - how a child comes to their answer
Genetic epistemology
Stages of piaget
Sensorimotor
Preop
Concrete op
Formal op
Sensorimotor
0-2 years
Learn through movements they make and sensations they result
Exicst separately from objects around them
Primary to tertiary ciruclar reactions - can cause things to happen
Object permaancne - objects exist even whe nwe can’t see them
Preop
2-7 years
Symoblic representation of things…egocentric thinking
Conservation (quan does not change with rearrangement), centration, irreversibility, class inclusion, trnasductive reasoning (if A causes B today, then A always causes B), transitivie inference
Concrete op
7-11
Beginning of organied, logical thoughts but still directly tied to reality
Formal op
11-20+
Abstract reasoning and hypotheticals
Sigmund freud
Peronaility is determined by the way we resolve conflicts between desires and demaned of rwaliaty
Fixation is when individual remains in earlier stage
oral stage
Birht to 1 year
Mouth is focus of gratification and exploration
Anal stage
1-3 years old
Conflicts between id (deisres) and ego (expectations)
Phallic stage
3-6 years old
Aware of own and others bodies and genitals
Oedipal complex
Early defenses (identification and repression)
Latency stage
6-puberty
Gratification from edternal activities
Genital stage
Puberty to dulthood
Independnce
Confronting and reolving childhood psych ocnflicts
Gratifying desires sybolically and intellecutally
Erik Erikson
Life stage theory is like frued by more about culture
Trsut vs. mistust
Birht to 1
Baby develops relationship with caregiver that mforms the basis for inner perceptions of trsutworthiness
Can i trust the world?
Autonomy vs shame and doubt
1-3
Child begins to assert will, disocver world, basis for self-sufficiency
Is it okay to be me
Initiative vs. guilt
3-5 years
Increasing planning and risk-taking, more assertivenss and aggressiveness
Is it okay for me to do, move, act?
Industry vs. inferiority
5-12 years
Developing competence and self-confidnece
can i make it in the world of people and things
ID vs. role confusion
13-19
Self-disocvery, choosing school, vocation, experimination until determiningself-definition
WHo am I and what can i be
Intimacy vs isolation
20-39
Maming long term commitments and compromises
Can i love
Generativity vs stagnation
25-64
Guiding the next generation, productivity
Can I make my life count
Integrity vs despair
COntemplate accomplishments
Is it okay to hav e bee nme
0-1
Sensorimotor, oral, trust v mistrust
1-3
Sensorimotor, anal, autonomy vs shame and doubt
2-7
Pre-op, phallic, industry vs. inferiority
