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SOCY 122 Exam Fall Review > Deviance > Flashcards

Deviance Flashcards

1
Q

Deviance

A

behaviour that violates norms and expected conduct in society

  • defined often by those who have status and power
  • can be a challenge of power ex. whistleblowers
  • violate social conduct
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2
Q

Deviance and Stigma (Goffman)

A

Stigma - describes an individual situation who is disqualified from social acceptance.

Ex. Young man wearing nail polish

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3
Q

Law develops why

A

The law acts as a tool of control and develops through the social process through the government

  • shapes behaviour of what is appropriate and not appropriate
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4
Q

Social control Theory (Travis Hirschi)

Social Bondes theory

A
  • why do people refrain from deviance?

Attachment

  • damage relationships and disappointing others

Commitment

  • degree of investment in conventional goals
  • what’s at stake you’ve worked hard for

Involvement

  • busy
  • not enough hours in a day to be naughty

Belief

  • degree to which someone believes rules should be obeyed
  • values the law
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5
Q

Merton Strain Theory

A

How do people achieve their goals?

Mix of conflict and functionalist

  • Extends Durkheim’s anomie to criminology
  • argues anomie is caused by societal goals and means to achieve them… this compels people to turn to crime
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6
Q

Conformity (Merton Strain Theory)

A

Accept cultural goals

Accept institutional means

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7
Q

Ritualism (Merton Strain Theory)

A

Reject cultural goals

Accept institutional means

Ex. no drive, just wants to retire, NPC behaviour

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8
Q

Innovation (Merton Strain Theory)

A

Accept cultural goals

Don’t have access to institutional means

Ex. high organized crime, drug dealing, money laundering

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9
Q

Retreatism (Merton Strain Theory)

A

Reject Everything

Reject goals

Reject means

Ex. Doesn’t even try, give up

Off grid

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10
Q

Rebellion (Merton Strain Theory)

A

Reject goals

Reject means

Makes new goals and means

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11
Q

Differential Association (Sutherland)

A
  • criminal behaviour is learned
  • more criminal behaviour when part of group that defies it
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12
Q

Labelling theory (Lemertz)

A

How do people to be labeled as deviant?

How do people come to view themselves as deviant?

Primary Deviance

  • any behaviour violates norms
  • no long term consequences

Secondary Deviance

  • Violation of social norm
  • individual internalizes label of deviance
  • strong societal response to act

ex. people call you bully, so now you ID as bully

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13
Q

Traditional Criminology

A

focus on individual criminal conduct

  • why individuals commit crime
  • ethics of legal measures
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14
Q

Critical Criminology

A

Crime as consequence of social and economic institutions, processes of labelling, and meaning-making

  • critique structures responsibility for inequalities and labelling process
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15
Q

“Criminal Justice System” no no

A

USE CRIMINAL LEGAL SYSTEM

  • Justice not always the case
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16
Q

“crime” no no

A

criminalized behaviour

17
Q

Gender Ratio problem

A

Why do so many more men commit more crime than women?

18
Q

Generalizability problem

A

Can we generalize crime theories to women when they were made to analyze male behaviour?

19
Q

Feminist Criminolgy

A

Problem: add gender and stir approach

  1. Gender ratio problem
  2. Generalizability problem
  • Experiences that are unique to women aren’t built into theoretical frameworks

Goal : Centre women in criminological inquiry

20
Q

Kathleen Daly and Meda Chesney Lind 1988

A

Two of first scholars of feminist criminolgy

Feminist criminology only came into being 2006

21
Q

Intersectional criminology Burges-Proctor 2006

A

Call for intersectional research and crime

  • to advance understanding of gender crime, intersectional framework necesary informed by multiracial feminism
  • everyone will interact with legal system based on their intersecting identities
  • created distinct social location for every individual
  • privilege changes in every social institution
22
Q

Structuring forces include

A

race

sex

gender

23
Q

queer criminology 2020

A

problem:

  • little criminological research considering LGBTQ2SL+ populations
  • homosexuality as deviant behaviour
  • queer people are overrepresented in legal system

Response:

  • LGBTQ have unique experiences
  • including these populations in criminological inquiry will help to improve knowledge building and contribute to more inclusive and equitable justice practices
24
Q

Critical criminology Action Michelle Alexander
6 takeways

A
  • black americans still suffering from discrimination
  • criminal legal system is the new jim crow
  • new form of racial segregation
  • war on drugs and how it is a tool for encorceration of black and brown people
  • impacts post incarceration life
  • all other social domains - work, help
  1. the war on drugs is a form of raicalized social control (minimum sentence crack vs powder cocaine)
  2. incarceration has grown at exponential rates and grud offenders make up of majority of prison populaiton
  3. white people use and sell more drugs, but blacks and whites get incarcerated more
  4. cops have too much power in deciding where, when and whom to arrest
  5. sociologists have been complicit is justifying the conentation of arrests in low income and racialized neighbourhoods
  6. colour blind racism enables the courts to systematically challenge claims of racial bias
25
Q

Labeling Theory Sociologist + belief

A

Becker

  • The act
  • How society perceives the act
26
Q

Two types of deviance

A

Primary and Secondary

27
Q

Primary Deviance

A
  • behaviour differs from social norms
  • no long-term effect
  • small things that wont cast stigma

Ex. Under age drinking once or twice

  • speed limit broken once or twice
  • shopping in other gender clothing area
28
Q

Secondary Deviance

A

deviation from norms is

  • internalized
  • affecting individuals’ identity

long term - self concept and identity

Ex. Ex-convict who went to prison

  • prostitution of women
29
Q

Define deviance

A

behaviour which violates standards of conduct or expectations of a group or society

30
Q

Goffman introduced _______

A

stigma (victim POV): lack of social acceptance

Ex. weak

  • mental health - weak men cry - deterrence - won’t seek help
31
Q

Define Deterrence and 3 factors

A

to not do something

  1. fear of stigma
  2. fear of punishment
  3. social conformity
32
Q

Social Control Theory

A

The more socialized someone is, the less they will deviate & Vice Versa

33
Q

Most common offence for which probationers are supervised

A

the most common offence for which probationers are under supervision is a

DRUG OFFENSE

34
Q

How does their justice system achieve such racially discriminatory results?

2 ways

A
  1. Granting law enforcement extraordinary discretion
  • police have too much power
  • let me see your ID (for no reason)
  1. ‘Closed doors’ where people cannot question the system
35
Q

Warren Mccleskey

A
  • charged with death penalty
  • boulson study used by lawyers
  • Proves racial biases in court
  • black vs white people given death penalty
  • killer killed white 11 times more likely
  • control variable 4.3 time more likely

Case was dismissed

36
Q
A

SOCY 122 Exam Fall Review (20 decks)

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