Devices

Question 0

Allegory

Answer 0

Extended metaphor; multiple parallel connections

Question 1

Analogy

Answer 1

A direct (brief) logical comparison

Question 2

Litotes

Answer 2

Ironic understatement where you negate the opposite

Question 3

Euphemism

Answer 3

Replacing a negative or explicit word with one that is more polite

Question 4

Anecdote

Answer 4

A short story about the past

Question 5

Allusion

Answer 5

Reference or connection to something external; closely related to logos

Question 6

Juxtaposition

Answer 6

A side-by-side comparison used to show contrast

Question 7

Metonymy

Answer 7

And associated substitution

*ex: Beyoncé is on the radio

Question 8

Paradox

Answer 8

Seems self-contradictory

Question 9

Personification

Answer 9

Give something inanimate human qualities

Question 10

Anaphora

Answer 10

Repetition of a beginning phrase

Question 11

Antimetabole

Answer 11

Repetition by reversing the order of the words

*ex: say what you mean and mean what you say

Question 12

Antistrophe

Answer 12

Repetition of a word at the end of a successive clause

*trophy-you get the trophy at the end

Question 13

Anadiplosis

Answer 13

Repetition in which your end word becomes your beginning word

Question 14

Absolute

Answer 14

All or nothing statement

Question 15

Syllogism

Answer 15

Logical argument with two premises and one conclusion

*ex: 1)Socrates is a man 2) men are mortal 3) Socrates will die

Question 16

Tautology

Answer 16

Circular reasoning
> defining something in terms of itself
*ex: I like good food because it’s delicious (good)

Question 17

Inductive reasoning

Answer 17

Reasoning precedes from small to big

Question 18

Deductive reasoning

Answer 18

General rules to specific instances

Question 19

Slippery slope fallacy

Answer 19

Prediction without certainty

Question 20

Post hoc

Answer 20

Assumption that an earlier event caused a later one

Question 21

Genetic fallacy

Answer 21

Make a conclusion just because of where something comes from

Question 22

Ad hominem/ Tu Quoque

Answer 22

Appeal the hypocrisy (words don’t match actions)

Question 23

Red herring

Answer 23

Distraction from the argument seems relevant but isn’t

Question 24

Pathetic fallacy

Answer 24

Instead of getting some rational argument you get an emotional appeal

Question 25

Appeal to authority

Answer 25

Claim that an argument is true or not because an authority says so

Question 26

Hasty generalization

Answer 26

A claim based on insufficient evidence

Question 27

Antithesis

Answer 27

Juxtaposition with parallelism

Question 28

Verbal irony

Answer 28

What is said is the opposite of what is meant

Question 29

Dramatic irony

Answer 29

The audience knows something that the characters don't

Question 30

Situational irony

Answer 30

Opposite of expectation