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2nd Repro > Devo Repro > Flashcards

Devo Repro Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

What three components necessary for devo repro system

A

gonads, ducts, external genitals

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2
Q

Sex determination occurs at _____

sex differntiaiton occurs at _____ from gentic and epigentic factors

A

Fertilization

embryonic period into fetal period

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3
Q

Presence and Action of ________________, appears to actively influence sexual differentiation in a male direction

A

Androgens

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4
Q

A second factor __________________________________________ is involved in promoting regression of the paramesonephric (müllerian) ducts !

A

Mullerian inhibiting substance

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5
Q

Intermediate mesoderm is responsible for which male repro organs

A

Epididymis, ductus deferens, ejact duct, seminal vesicle and testes

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6
Q

Intermedite mesoderm is responsible for which repro systems in female?

A

oviduct, Uterus, Part of Vagina, ovarys

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7
Q

Intermediate mesoderm–> UG ridge–> _______–> epididymis/ductus deferens/ejact duct/ seminal vesicle

A

Mesonephric duct

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8
Q

Mesonephric tubles form the _____ in male

A

efferent ductules

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9
Q

Paremesonephric duct forms what in female

A

oviduct, uterus, part of vagina

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10
Q
A
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11
Q

Part of vagina, prostate glands and ducts, penis, scrotum, labia, vestibule, clitoris all from:

A

Endoderm –> primitive UG sinus–> definitive UG sinus

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12
Q

During Development the Forming Reproductive Organs Pass Through a Unique Intermediate Phase Termed the

A

Indifferent Stage

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13
Q

What forms during Indifferent Stage

A

Progenitors of the gonads, reproductive ducts and external genitalia form, but are morphologically indistinct with respect to sex

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14
Q

The Indifferent Gonad Forms within the______of the Nephrogenic Cord

A

Ventromedial aspect

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15
Q

• The gonad primordium is a morphologically distinct part of the nephrogenic cord: With appearance of gonad primordium, the ridge is renamed the

A

UG Ridge

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16
Q

During indifferent stage, the coelomic epithelium covering the medial side of the nephrogenic cord_____ while the underlying mesenchyme_____

A

proliferates

condenses

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17
Q

What cell Types Found in Forming Gonads?

A

• germ cells • supporting cells • interstitial cells

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18
Q

Gamete progenitor cells of extragonadal origin that migrate to gonad

A

Primordial Germ Cells (PGC)

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19
Q

Persistence of PGC’s outside the gonad may generate a

A

teratoma

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20
Q

The Primitive Gonad Develops Cranial & Caudal Attachments

Cranial:

Caudal:

The UG ridge stays attached to body wall ______ via mesentary

A

crania: becomes suspensory ligament
caudally: gubernaculum

*stays attached DORSALLY

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21
Q

The

A
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22
Q

“The Wolffian System” Associated with the mesonephric kidney

A

Mesonephric Duct (MD)

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23
Q

“The Mullerian System”, Lateral to MD
• Invagination of coelomic epithelium
• Formation induced by MD

• Contacts the UG Sinus

A

Paramesonephric Duct

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24
Q

External Swellings in the Caudal Region of the Embryo are the Progenitors of the

A

External Genitalia

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25
External Swellings in the **Caudal Region** of the Embryo = Progenitors of the **External Genitalia** Genital Tubercle = A midline swelling Urethral (Urogenital) Folds = Surround the UG membrane Labioscrotal Swellings = Lateral to the Urethral (Urogenital) Folds
26
Summary of Development During the Indifferent Stage During Weeks 4 – 6(7) a sexually determined but sexually undifferentiated embryo has formed:
Pair of undiff gonads two sets of ducts: mesonephric and paramesonephric elevations and folds round opening of UG sinus
27
Differentiation of the\_\_\_\_\_ Occurs First This Suggested that some type of ”Switch” may be involved in sexual differentiation of the gonad!
Gonad
28
The SRY gene on the Y chromosome [the hypothesized “switch”] directs gonad differentiation in a male direction Encodes for a DNA binding protein the
Testicular Determining Factor (TDF
29
Expression of the SRY Gene Results in the Formation of
Testes [week 6-7]
30
Germ Cells: PGC form \_\_\_\_\_\_
spermatogonia
31
* Express Sox 9 * Form from coelomic epithelial cords • Associate w/germ cells (seminiferous cords)
Sertoli Cells (supporting cells)
32
(interstitial cells) Secrete testosterone [week 8]
Leydig Cells
33
A fibrous layer, the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_, forms a capsule around the testis!
tunica albuginea
34
In the Absence of SRY Gene Expression, the Indifferent Gonad Develops into an\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_is expressed in coelomic epithelial cells
Ovary WNT4
35
What happens to Germ cells in abscence of SRY? What about follicular/granulosa cells?
Germ Cells: PGC become **oogonia** Follicle/Granulosa Cells (supporting cells) Associate w/oogonia forming **primordial follicles **
36
Testes and Ovaries Undergo Positional Changes During Development: Testis Descend into the Scrotum [usually before birth] Failure of descent =\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Ovaries Descend into the Pelvis
Cryptorchidism
37
In the Presence of _________ (male embryo), the Growth and Differentiation of the Mesonephric Ducts are Supported
Testosterone
38
In the Male, there is a continuous duct system from
Seminiferous Tubules to the Urethra
39
In the Male, Androgens also Induce and Support Primordia of the
Male Accessory Sex Glands
40
The Prostate Gland may have a Dual Origin * Both primordia begin as buds * Most Glands - form from buds of the\_\_\_\_ lining of the pelvic part of UG sinus * Central Zone Glands – form from buds from the\_\_\_\_\_
most glands: endoderm central: mesoderm
41
Budding of prostate gland is induced by
UG sinus Mesenchyme
42
Presence of ______ in Male Embryos Stimulates the Regression of the Paramesonephric Ducts
Mullerian inhibiting substance
43
Part of the prostatic utricle is derived from the
Paramesonephric Duct
44
In the Female Embryo, Absence of _____ Allows the Growth and Differentiation of the Paramesonephric Ducts
MIS
45
In the Absence of ________ (Female Embryo) the Development of the _Mesonephric Ducts is Not Supported_ : atrophy remanants can be seen in broad ligament
testosterone
46
47
* The\_\_\_\_\_ 1/3 Paramesonephric Fuses, and becomes the Uterus & part of the Vagina * The\_\_\_\_ 2/3 Paramesonephric remains unfused, and becomes the Oviduct
Caudal Cranial
48
The Paramesonephric Ducts & pelvic part of UG Sinus interact with each other to form the
Vagina
49
Abnormal Development of the Paramesonephric Duct
Uterine anomalies are Common but may not be Clinically Significant They Range from Total Absence to Complete Duplication of Uterus & Vagina
50
During the Indifferent Stage, the **Interior of the Definitive UG** Sinus is Remodeled What do we get for females?
part of vaginal and vestibule from Interior of definitive UG sinus
51
During the Indifferent Stage, the Interior of the Definitive UG Sinus is Remodeled ; what male structures do we get?
Distal Prostatic & Membranous Urethra Phallic Portion Penile Urethra
52
In the Presence of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, the Genital Tubercle and Urethral Folds Elongate
DHT
53
Presence of DHT and its effects on Genital tubercle and urethtral folds;
* Further elongation of phallus * Cloacal membrane rupture and urethral plate formation * Urethral Folds pulled forward forming a urethral groove lined with endoderm * Urethral folds fuse ventrally during month 3 * The glans is from distal end of genital tubercle * Perineal area elongates; labioscrotal folds fuse ventrally to form scrotum and eventually receive the testes
54
The Lining of the Penile Urethra is derived from the The Portion of the Penile Urethra within the Glans is formed by an
Endoderm of the Phallic Part of the UG Sinus Ingrowth of Ectoderm
55
Normal Development of the Male Reproductive Ducts and External Genitalia Depends on: * Presence of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ * Conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone by ____________ in the accessory glands and external genitalia
Androgens secreatd by testis 5-Alpha reductase
56
Abnormal Formation of the Male Urethra Urethral opening proximal to tip of glans: Urethra open dorsally:
Hypospadias Epispadias
57
In the **Absence** of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, the Primordia of the External Genitalia Develop in a Female Direction
DHT
58
No DHT get female external genitals ## Footnote The Genital Tubercle forms the\_\_\_\_ * The Urethral Folds form the \_\_\_\_\_ * The Labioscrotal Swellings form the \_\_\_\_
The Genital Tubercle forms the Clitoris * The Urethral Folds form the Labia Minora * The Labioscrotal Swellings form the Labia Majora
59
sex differentiation also occurs in the brain in centers controlling release of gonadotrophic hormones leading to\_\_\_\_ release in females and pulsatile but \_\_\_\_\_release in males
cyclic (females) non-cyclic (males)
60
Undifferentiated gonads, ducts and external genitalia form initially during the
indifferent stage [week 4 - 6].
61
• Expression of the SRY gene directs gonads to
form testes
62
Androgens produced by testes support development of \_\_\_\_\_\_; MIS inhibits the development of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_; primordia of the external genitalia develop in a male direction. Mesonephric duct forms the male duct system (except urethra).
mesonephric duct paramesonephric duct
63
Absence of SRY gene expression allows gonads to become.
ovaries
64
• Absence of androgens allows \_\_\_\_\_\_ to atrophy & allows external genitalia primordia to develop in a female direction (supported by estrogen); absence of\_\_\_\_ allows paramesonephirc ducts to develop. Paramesonephric ducts form female duct system (except caudal vagina)
mesonephric duct MIS
65
Gonad with andorgen = Gonad no androgen =
testis--\>secreate andodrgen ovary--\> no androgen
66
Meonephric duct in presence of adnrogen forms:
Efferent Ductules Epididymis Vas Deferens & Seminal Vesicle
67
Paramesonephric duct in ABSENCE of MIF and Androgen: forms
Oviduct Uterus Upper Vagina
68
external genitalial starts as: genital tubercle, urethral folds, labrioscrotal folds: Prescence of Androgens DHT:
Penis, scrotum, prostate
69
external genitalial starts as: genital tubercle, urethral folds, labrioscrotal folds: Absence of Androgens or DHT
form: clitoris, labia minus, majus and lower vagina

2nd Repro (16 decks)

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